AstroSARLite For Nigeria

1
Brief Overview

• AstroSAR-Lite For Nigeria
• Ian Encke, September 2006

AstroSAR-Lite
Single AstroSAR Daily Access No. of Revisits to
same location
Typical SAR Imagery
2
AstroSAR-Lite An Ideal Solution for Nigerias
remote sensing needs
Conclusion (First Last)

• AstroSAR-Lite provides Nigeria reliably - all
  weather, night day
• Re-image specific locations more than 10 times
  per day (Club x 3)
• Whole EEZ imaged every day between 9 12 times
  (Club x 3)
• Monitoring up to 1Msqkm of sea per pass over
  region
• Change detection on key infrastructure, borders,
  etc at high res daily
• Total National map updatable in lt2 weeks at 3m
  resolution with up to 13 of Nigeria imaged at 3m
  resolution per day (faster with Club)
• Reliable high frequency all weather imaging
  anywhere in Africa
• High technology transfer and international
  collaboration opportunities

In 24 Hrs
Regional Maritime Access Plots One AstroSAR in
14 Deg Inc. Orbit Club constellation of 3 in 39
2 in 14
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EADS gt Space gt ASTRIUM gt EO, Navigation Science
Who Are We?
EADS Space
2.4 bn 12,000 p François Auque
Europes leading space company A world leader in
the design and manufacture of satellite systems
EADS Astrium
Earth Observation, Navigation Science Division
1.6 bn 6,700 p Antoine Bouvier
Strategic AstroSAR-Lite Partners
Infoterra Global Group Staff 400 Revenues
130M
4
AstroSAR Light Initiative
5
All weather night day space monitoring from
2010 with tech transfer from 2006

• The AstroSAR-Lite Initiative

AstroSAR-Lite
In Q4 05 EADS Astrium Launched the AstroSAR-Lite
Club Initiative An opportunity focused on
nations in the regions between /- 40 deg
latitude Four high revisit low cost
AstroSAR-Lite satellites to be launched
2010 Joint satellite design and build program
from 2007 Option for technology transfer and
collaborative design and integration Use of
TerraSAR X data from end 2006 to establish end to
end infrastructure
Astro SAR has Unique Maritime
coverage Performance/Price Ratio Access to
Tropical Orbit
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Tropics should benefit most from Earth
Observation Satellites
The Best Region For Space Imaging?

• Only in the Near Equatorial regions can a single
  satellite provide up to 15 passes a day
• The tropical regions between /- 40Deg.
  Latitudes contain most of the worlds
• Oil, rain forest, rice crop, major shipping
  routes
• Fastest growing economies
• Threats of natural disaster

Orbit inclination
Polar
65º
40º
28º
16º
9º
7º
Polar
40º
28º
16º
9º
7º
A Single satellite in NEqO far exceeds revisit
capability of polar orbiting satellites
Tropics
7
All the major EO Satellites so far are in Polar
Orbit
But the Worst served!

• Polar orbits are optimal for revisit to the
  Northern nations but provide unequal global
  coverage
• The first earth observation satellites all
  carried optical cameras which prefer polar
  orbits for fixed sun angle
• High cloud cover in the tropics makes radar more
  reliable but fewer radar satellites have been
  launched
• Affordable launch vehicles capable of reaching
  Near Equatorial Orbit, (NEqO), have previously
  not been available

8
Foundations of a Revolution in Earth Observation
Time for a change
Gulf of Guinea Coverage

• Affordable access to NEqO now possible - new
  generation of small Launch Vehicles
• EADS Astriums new and unique low cost, low mass
  and volume AstroSAR-Lite satellite enables
• Uniquely compatible with smallest, most
  affordable NEqO capable Launch Vehicles
• Through cloud, high resolution earth observation
• EADS Astrium, understanding the needs of the
  Tropics and the advantages of NEqO has launched
  the AstroSAR-Lite program
• From these foundations a revolution in earth
  observation for the tropics is about to evolve!
  

Maritime Mode Only ScanSAR adds extra 1 to 3
passes
Number of times Imaged in 24 Hrs
9
The AstroSAR-Lite System
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Designed to cost, regional focus, innovative SAR
satellite
What is AstroSAR-Lite?

• Show Video!

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User Operational Requirements Analysis Results
What performance do we need?

• Key applications
• Maritime and EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zones)
• Shipping detection monitoring
• Pollution detection monitoring
• Oil exploration
• Land based applications
• Homeland security
• Agricultural monitoring
• Forestry protection
• Disaster monitoring and recovery support
• Mapping/Infrastructure

• Requirements
• Maritime, security and disaster monitoring all
  need to have the shortest possible time
• Between revisits
• From imaging to processed image
• All applications require either or both of
• Large imaged areas
• Rapid retargeting during a pass
• Multiple resolutions are required
• gt30m for agriculture and some disaster monitoring
• 10-60m for ship detection
• 3-10m for detailed observations

EADS Astriums AstroSAR Lite Satellite has been
optimised to meet all these requirements
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What can we do?
AstroSAR Lite Key Performance Data

• Satellite Characteristics
• Mass lt500kg - for Falcon launch vehicle
  compatibility
• Lifetime gt5 years typically our satellites
  exceed design life
• Duty Cycle up to 4.5 per orbit in two separate
  sessions
• Baseline Performance Modes
• Additional modes, trading resolution and swath
  width are simply a matter of software updates and
  can be customer tailored
• Swath lengths are worst case can be extended
  most of the time
• Single polar modes (Sensitivity lt-19dB)
• Strip map 3m resolution 20 x 900 km swath
• Strip map 10m resolution 50 x 1000 km swath
• ScanSAR 30m resolution 100 x 1000 km swath
• ScanSAR 60m resolution 200 x 1000 km swath
• Dual polar mode option same performance but
  ScanSAR ½ swath width
• Unique Maritime Mode option under development
  higher resolution with wider swath for ship
  detection only, up to 900km swath width

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What do we do it with?
AstroSAR-Lite Payload flight proven, Innovative
generic platform
Patented Snapdragon configuration allows best
performance in small shroud
Sun-Bathing Mode - Solar Array Face
Deployment Sequence
Qualified Deployment Mechanism
Imaging Mode - SAR Antenna Face
Snapdragon Structure Test
Standard Generic Propulsion Avionics
Falcon Launch Vehicle
AstroSAR In Shroud
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Space SAR payload flight proven in aircraft
First flight 2003
Flight proven payload before launch?
AstroSAR-Lite Demonstrator Payload In Aircraft
Flight central electronics already qualified and
delivered for Radarsat 2
Some of the images taken with the AstroSAR
payload over the last 3 years
Fibre-glass yachts In harbour 1m Res, Quad polar
Munitions Depot 1m Res, Dual polar
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Astrium with Infoterra have complete E to E
system heritage
Complete End to End System Offered
Mission Cycle Overview
Mission Planning Tasking Systems (Drawn from
operational experience)
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Benefits to Nigeria of a Near Equatorial Orbit
and Maritime Mode
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Target Revisit Frequency NEqO beats SSO
What does AstroSAR mean for Nigeria? Ability to
Image many more times per day

• Comparison of orbits
• 1 days access in Polar Orbit (SSO)
• 1 days access in 14 degree Orbit (NEqO)

Number of possible visits to location / Day
Satellite Ground Track over 1 day
Access from Maritime ScanSAR combined
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Best orbit for Nigeria?
What does AstroSAR mean for Nigeria? Orbit can be
selected to meet priority needs
Number of possible visits to location / Day

• To be optimised in range 9 to 16 degrees
• 1 days access in 9 degree Orbit best for EEZ
  access
• 1 days access in 14 degree Orbit best national
  access

Access from conventional modes only still much
higher than SSO
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Club Constellation Overview
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A constellation for the price of one satellite
Club constellation concept

• Revisits over Africa in 1 day by a mixed
  inclination constellation of five AstroSAR Lite
  satellites
• AstroSAR-Lite owners have option to join a
  constellation consortia
• Retaining full autonomy owners get access to all
  club satellites excess capacity when passing
  overhead
• Astriums extensive operational experience will
  ensure the Club constellation works and
  provides a truly operational service

• Astrium will facilitate formation of a shared
  resource constellation for Astro SAR owners who
  wish to join
• The AstroSAR Club

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AstroSAR Constellation Club Option Several
satellites for the price of one! - Even
1 Club partner adds substantial revisit
coverage

• Plot shows 1 satellite access over 3 days (40 deg
  orbit)
• Each such satellite gives an average of 2-3 extra
  passes over most Club Member footprints per day
• Each club partners system reliability is also
  improved by the number of satellites in the club.

Customer X1
Customer X6
Customer X3
Customer X7
Customer X2
Customer X8
Nigeria Footprint
Customer X5
Customer X4
Customer Locations displaced for reasons of
confidentiality
Number of visits in 3 Days
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Launch Club Extended AstroSAR Club Customer
Special Price for Launch Club Members
Constellation option with Autonomy
Autonomous, payload Tasking when other club
Satellites pass over own footprint
Owner of first extended club satellite
Controls own satellite
Common tasking through web based organizer
Owner of second extended club satellite
Controls own satellite
SI/ITG distribute excess data and supply
shortfall data
Owner of nth extended club satellite
Controls own satellite
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Key High Revisit Applications examples
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Utility of Mapping Applications greatly increased
Rapid Map update Better than daily for
tactical maps, bi-weekly whole nation
Thirteen of Nigeria is imaged at 3m resolution
by 1 satellite in 1 day
Most of Nigeria can be targeted for imaging
4-6/day by 1 satellite in 1 day

• All change detection / mapping products already
  described are possible with AstroSAR but with
  orders of magnitude increase in frequency
  allowing
• - Weekly or daily response to illegal changes in
  infrastructure and resource use, near real time
  support to policing and disaster management
  activities, etc
• - Sufficient image resource to revolutionise
  access to imagery to all parts of Nigerian
  government and society leading to new
  applications and benefits

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Importance to Nigeria of Gulf of Guinea Security
Security within and around littoral states in
the Gulf of Guinea is of utmost Importance to
Nigeria VADM Afolaya, Naval Chief, Nigeria

• Maritime security of the Gulf of Guinea is a key
  objective of Nigeria
• Criminal international cartels operate
  numerous fleets of tankers within the Gulf of
  Guinea VADM Afolaya
• Gulf of Guinea Maritime Security Conference 2004
• Fisheries provide over 60 of animal protein in
  region
• Carries 99.7 of international trade
• Is subject to illegal fishing, oil spillage,
  toxic waste dumping, trafficking, piracy,
  hijacking of ships and offshore oil facillities,
  illegal bunkering of crude oil and armed raids on
  coastal facilities
• We need to ensure the security of the area,
  that is why this administration spearheaded the
  creation of the Gulf of Guinea Commission
  Chief Olusegun Obasanjo President of the
  Federal Republic of Nigeria
• AstroSARs access to Near Equatorial orbit and
  unique maritime mode enables unparalleled revisit
  and coverage and will revolutionise maritime
  security operations in the Gulf

Gulf of Guinea Coverage
Maritime Mode Only ScanSAR adds extra 1 to 3
passes
Number of times Imaged in 24 Hrs
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Impact of AstroSAR-Lite on EEZ Gulf of Guinea
Security
AstroSAR Lite will improve the effectiveness of
Nigerias existing and planned maritime security
assets by orders of magnitude
Maritime Mode Area Imaged adds to ScanSAR Mode
Area Imaged to give total No. of times imaged per
day Single AstroSAR-Lite
Whole EEZ is imaged at least 5 times per day and
over 95 between 7 and 12 times per day with a
single AstroSAR Lite!
Area Imaged Each Day in Each Mode with one
AstroSAR This would typically be trebled should
Nigeria join the Club and yield average revisit
periods of about 30 minutes

• A Nigerian AstroSAR-Lite can show the location of
  all the vessels in the EEZ at least 15 times in
  24 hours (day or night)
• With the club this goes up to around 36 times per
  day with an average revisit of 30 minutes
• Suspicious vessels will be easily detected and
  identified and existing surface and air assets
  despatched to intercept

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Radar and VMS Operational System to Fight
Illegal Fishing
Automated Maritime Applications - Illegal
fishing decimated (E.g. Keurgulan Isl.)
Positioning messages
Positioning Satellite
VMS Processing center
Positions Of legal vessels
Surveillance center
Illegal fishing Vessel No VMS position
authorized fishing Vessel with VMS position
Courtesy of CLS
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System Merging in Necessary
Automated Maritime Applications - Illegal
fishing decimated (E.g. Keurgulan Isl.)

• Reception of ship detection reports

Illegal vessels
Legal vessels
and visualization of Radar echoes and VMS
position
Courtesy of CLS
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Ship Detection Illicit trafficking scenario
Automated Maritime Applications - Detection of
stationary vessels - trafficking

• Illegal trafficking of high value goods usually
  involves offshore rendezvous and transfer (e.g.
  Oil transfer)
• Currently undetected but high revisit
  AstroSAR-Lite will highlight stationary vessels
  beyond land radar
• High resolution pass can clarify stationary
  vessel type and activity allowing best tasking of
  other platforms

Single Polar, HH, high resolution
Smaller vessel moored alongside (Representative
of illicit cargo transfer)
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Maritime applications provide payback rest is
all profit
Business Case for AstroSAR-Lite - Many
applications benefit Nigerian economy but one is
sufficient to justify cost

• The use of space SAR maritime security at
  Keurgulan Island has eradicated illegal fishing
  worth 100M a year in lost licences
• The use of AstroSAR-Lite to enforce maritime
  security is theoretically able to have the same
  effect on illegal oil transhipments in the Gulf
  of Guinea as well as on illegal fishing, etc
• Even a 10 reduction in oil losses would more
  than cover annual cost of the system in a few
  months!
• This takes no account of the wider benefits for
  trade, tourism and investment of improving
  security

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More Applications Examples
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High Definition SAR Imagery, General Surveillance
Regular and Reliable High Resolution Surveillance
Airfield Installations, X-band
Torpedo test Facility, X-Band
Munitions Dump, X-Band
AstroSAR Airborne Demonstrator Image
AstroSAR Airborne Demonstrator Image
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Infrastructure detection and monitoring with SAR
Regular and Reliable High Resolution Surveillance
Power Lines Power Plant
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Wide swath low resolution - detect footprints
tyre tracks
SAR unique - coherent change detection - host
of applications
Coherent change detection highlights increased
activity at border crossings on Syria Iraq
Border using low resolution Radarsat data
Courtesy of UK MOD
AstroSAR Airborne Demonstrator Image
AstroSAR Airborne Demonstrator Image
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Centres for Illegal activities Crops,
trafficking, etc
Regular and Reliable Wide Area Low Resolution
Surveillance

• Identifying clear cut areas based on texture not
  spectral response shows potential improvised air
  strips

Courtesy of UK MOD
36
Mapping Applications Infrastructure
Opperations
Rapid Map update Better than daily for
tactical maps, bi-weekly whole nation
Number of times Imaged by 1 satellite at 3m res
in 1 week

• Products
• High update Tactical Way maps, Topographic and
  thematic maps, route maps, 3D simulations
• Purpose
• Operational Strategic planning for unit
  deployment and logistics, familiarisation with
  unknown territory
• Civil planning and infrastructure management

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Rapid Reliable Large Area Imaging - Crop
management require timeliness
Food Security Monitor Crops Forecast Harvests
False colour image showing progress of harvest in
Indonesia
Courtesy of Bolton Associates
38
Illegal Logging Forest fire Monitoring
Automated high revisit monitoring highlights
change in time to respond

• Actively logged areas or other new canopy breaks
  can be identified based on differential
  backscatter

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Environmental monitoring e.g. sensitive coastal
margins
Reliable regular colour monitoring -
Multi-polar for pollution impact assessment
Courtesy of EADS Astrium AstroSAR demonstrator
40
Disaster Monitoring
Rapid Reliable Specific Area Imaging -
Timely disaster assessment at high resolution
Civil security Disaster monitoring is based on
the principle of change detection, the difference
between two images identifying areas of maximum
damage, flooding, road viability, refugee
movements, etc. High revisit high resolution
AstroSAR is ideal for such applications.
Two images from ERS, show effects of flooding
following collapse of a dike, Southern France
Interferometric SAR used to identify landslide
areas on Mt DAvello, Italy
Disasters often coincide with heavy rain and
cloud, or with fire and smoke not
an issue for SAR
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Maritime Ship location identification, Oil
spill detection
Rapid Reliable Large Area Imaging -
Revolutionises maritime monitoring
AstroSARs unprecedented high revisit rate
enables new applications in ship monitoring over
large areas
Portsmouth Harbour - 3m resolution sufficient to
identify RoRo Ferry
Oil Discharge The line across the centre of the
image is the stern wake of a ship. The ship's
wake is about 28 kilometres long in this image
because the ship is discharging oil.
Images from1st AstroSAR Airborne Demonstrator
Flight (2003), without full post processing or
motion compensation 3m Res
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EEZ Monitoring Monitoring vessel activities -
Overview
Rapid Reliable Large Area Imaging 900,000
SqKm/Pass, up to 15 passes/day/sat

• Navies and coastguards are responsible for
  detection and interception of illegal
  transportation of goods and people, illegal
  fishing and piracy, plus search rescue
• Requires monitoring of vessels in third party
  waters, in major shipping routes and Exclusive
  Economic Zone high daily cover and flexible
  operational tasking is needed
• With the present sampling strategy of EEZ
  surveillance adopted by most nations only a
  fraction of the area of interest is covered on a
  particular day

ScanSAR 200km swath

• Single AstroSAR in ScanSAR mode
• Expected to image 95 of the Malacca straits per
  day
• The majority is imaged between 4 and 8 times per
  day
• gtOrder of magnitude improvement on SSO

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900km swath allows imaging of 1.3 Million Sq Km
per day
Unique Astrium Maritime Mode Key maritime regions
are imaged very many times per day!
Single AstroSAR-Lite over 1 Day

• Single AstroSAR in Maritime mode
• Expected to image 100 of the Malacca straits at
  least 4 times per day
• Over 75 is imaged between 6 and 8 times per day
• gtgtOrder of magnitude improvement on SSO

SSO for comparison
Number of times Imaged / day
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900km swath allows imaging of 1.3 Million Sq Km
per day
Unique Astrium Maritime Mode Key maritime regions
are imaged very many times per day!
Single AstroSAR-Lite over 1 Day

• Single AstroSAR in Maritime mode
• Expected to image 90 of the Gulf of Guinea at
  least twice per day
• Over 75 is imaged between 3 and 9 times per day
• gtgtOrder of magnitude improvement on SSO

SSO for comparison
Number of times Imaged / day
45
Monitoring vessel activities Ship Detection - 1
Automated Maritime Applications - Ship
Detection, Vector Category

• Ships act as corner reflectors and are identified
  as high intensity pixel groupings within a SAR
  image
• Automated threshold analysis highlights all
  targets with a detected backscatter higher than
  the threshold level
• Locations of potentially suspect vessels are then
  notified to the surveillance organisations for
  follow-up verification and interception

• Automatic vessel detection

Course and speed
Ship size estimation
Courtesy of CLS
46
High Resolution Maritime Imaging - Ship
Identification / Activity Monitoring
Monitoring vessel activities Ship Detection - 2
Small yachts defocus in azimuth due to vessel
motion and water surface movement
Smaller vessel moored alongside
EADS Astrium AstroSAR Demonstrator Image
Single Polar, HH, high resolution
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Radar and VMS Operational System to Fight
Illegal Fishing
Automated Maritime Applications - Illegal
fishing decimated (E.g. Keurgulan Isl.)
Positioning messages
Positioning Satellite
VMS Processing center
Positions Of legal vessels
Surveillance center
Illegal fishing Vessel No VMS position
authorized fishing Vessel with VMS position
Courtesy of CLS
48
System Merging in Necessary
Automated Maritime Applications - Illegal
fishing decimated (E.g. Keurgulan Isl.)

• Reception of ship detection reports

Illegal vessels
Legal vessels
and visualization of Radar echoes and VMS
position
Courtesy of CLS
49
Ship Detection Illicit trafficking scenario
Automated Maritime Applications - Detection of
stationary vessels - trafficking

• Illegal trafficking of high value goods usually
  involves offshore rendezvous and transfer
• Currently undetected but high revisit
  AstroSAR-Lite will highlight stationary cargo
  vessels beyond land radar
• High resolution pass can clarify stationary
  vessel type and activity allowing best tasking of
  other platforms

Single Polar, HH, high resolution
Smaller vessel moored alongside (Representative
of illicit cargo transfer)
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Automated Maritime Applications
- Illegal Oil Dumping
Detection and mitigation of oil pollution
Illegal Oil Dumping
Oil spill
Responsible
Responsible
Oil spillage from a series of ships near the
coast of China.
Oil spill
Courtesy of CLS
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Detection and mitigation of oil pollution Oil
slick tracking
Automated Maritime Applications
- Oil Slick Tracking 1

• Environmental Parameters
• Wind speeds
• Wave conditions (sea state)
• Oil type
• Dispersion time
• Detection affected by the ability to discriminate
  between oil-induced backscatter and ambient
  background noise

Devastating Oil Slicks are generated by oil rig
and tanker accidents
Oil released by the tanker
Courtesy of CLS
Tanker and salving vessels
Prestige pollution on Spain coast in Atlantic
Ocean, 17th Nov, 2002.
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Fighting Pollution
Automated Maritime Applications
- Oil Slick Tracking 2
DRIFT MODELS
Deployment of traditional means
Surveillance center
Courtesy of CLS
53
Detection and mitigation of oil pollution Damage
Assessment
Reliable regular colour monitoring -
Multi-polar for pollution impact assessment

• Pollution can cause environmental damage in
  sensitive coastal areas

Sea wall
Sensitive wetland Langstone Harbour near low
tide Inter-tidal mud and algal mats, salt grass
Creek at low tide
EADS Astrium AstroSAR demonstrator image
54
Reliable regular colour monitoring -
Multi-polar for pollution impact assessment
Mud Flats
Jetty
Moored Yachts in deep channel
Mud Flats
Pontoons with boats alongside
EADS Astrium AstroSAR Demonstrator Image
Quad Polar, high resolution HH red, VV green, X
blue
55

• AstroSAR Initiative Overview
• Launch Club
• Constellation Club

56
All weather night day space monitoring from
2010 with tech transfer from 2006

• AstroSAR-Lite Initiative Status Update June
  General 1

• Q4 05 - Global Launch
• Astriums AstroSAR-Lite Club Initiative
• Secure initial 4 satellite launch club
• KO 2007 for 2010 Launch
• Secure interest from sufficient of first 8
  satellite owners to form a Club Constellation,
• Constellation for the price of one
• Further order of magnitude revisit increase

57
All weather night day space monitoring from
2010 with tech transfer from 2006

• AstroSAR-Lite Initiative Status Update June -
  General

• On target!
• Sufficient interest to expect 4 AstroSAR-Lite
• satellites to be launched over
  2010 - 2011
• Satellite design build program likely KO mid
  2007
• Technology transfer collaborative design team
  
• 50 of customers interested
• Starting to narrow customer marketing base to
• fast track potential launch
  customers

58
AstroSAR Club Launch Customer Deal
Offer for Baseline 3m satellite alone

• Only Launch Customers get Club founder
  discount
• The first four customers to commit receive a
  very substantial discount on catalogue price for
  a baseline AstroSAR Lite satellite
• This is subject to standard EADS Astrium terms
  and conditions
• A range of standard modular performance
  enhancements and commercial options are available
  at additional cost

59
Flexible approach to customer requirements
Example Option Packages Nigerian interest ?

• Commercial Collaboration Options
• Know how and technology transfer
• Local hardware/software content
• Airborne Demonstrator
• Finance package
• Performance Options (Subject to EL)
• Multi polar imagery (reduced ScanSAR swath width)
• High agility package
• Larger on-board memory
• Increased data downlink rate (up to x 3)
• Extended lifetime
• Maritime mode for ship detection (up to 900km
  swath)

60
Current Status of Club Promotion (06/09/06)
Next Steps?

• Confident of securing the 4 required Launch
  customers
• 8 customers showing strong interest so far
• Some with budget for this year
• Some commercial capable of fast response
• Most have budget cycle difficulties with 06 time
  scale
• Opening two stage MOA discussions with the eight
• Two stage to allow all to express interest this
  year
• First MOA objective to justify resource focus
  (Ongoing with 3)
• Targeting Q4 06
• Second MOA, probably in early 07, to secure
  Launch Customer
• A further 17 potential launch customers yet to
  receive full presentation
• Internal resource issues customer availability
  delayed April/May missions
• Now targeted for September/October - then focus
  only on key customers

61
Two stage AstroSAR Club Stage 1
How to Kick-Start a constellation?

• Assemble Launch Customers and KO program
• The purchasers of the first 4 satellites launch
  the program and as such receive significant
  benefits
• A substantial reduction on subsequent catalogue
  price
• Maximum opportunity to influence the baseline
  design
• Maximum opportunity for co-operative development
  
• Opportunity to be a first member of the
  extended club and thus define extended club
  membership terms and conditions
• The Launch Customers are scheduled to KO the
  program during 2006 allowing parallel build of
  the first 4 satellites and launch in 2009
• Stage 2, the extended club constellation is
  initiated once the launch customers have been
  established and program KO is assured

62

• Summary Conclusions

63
AstroSAR-Lite a Unique opportunity
Single satellite or constellation -

• The AstroSAR-Lite Club initiative in 2006 gives
  Nigeria a unique and unexpected opportunity
• For an unprecedented price Nigeria can acquire a
  reliable all weather, night and day SAR imaging
  capability
• The low cost of AstroSAR-Lite provides the
  potential for substantial technology transfer
  and/or procuring of complementary optical imaging
  capability
• AstroSAR-Lite has high resolution and beam
  agility, plus multiple swath and resolution
  modes, providing an operational capability
  unmatched for the price by any other system,
  optical or SAR

64
AstroSAR offers Unprecedented value for money
Single satellite or constellation -

• AstroSAR-Lite also increases the daily imaged
  area and revisit capability of an equivalent SSO
  orbit system by more than an order of magnitude

AstroSAR Club - Daily Access No. of Revisits

• This revisit and imaged area will be multiplied
  by a further factor of 2 to 4 at no cost if South
  Africa joins the AstroSAR-Lite constellation

• Membership of a constellation including near
  equatorial satellites will provide Nigeria with
  high revisit imagery over the whole of the
  African continent when needed

• Founder membership of the constellation allows
  Nigeria to negotiate orbit inclinations with
  other 9 to 16 degree optimum orbit members to
  optimise coverage over areas of interest to
  Nigeria.

65
AstroSARLite for greater Technology Transfer?
Fast track to high technology space capability!

• AstroSAR-Lite Launch Customer price achieves
  substantial savings which can be be devoted to
  technology transfer training
• Potential collaboration in 2006/7 with Infoterra
  and EADS Astrium including SAR systems training
  appropriate to both Space Ground segment
• Potential collaboration with EADS and partners
  Infoterra and CLS in both the development of
  AstroSAR-Lite applications products
• Potential to supply into future AstroSAR-Lite
  constellation programs
• Through Infoterra Global EADS Astrium can provide
  high resolution TerraSAR X data from 2007 for
  ground system and joint applications development,
  training and commissioning
• Overall AstroSAR-Lite offers Nigeria a key
  opportunity to achieve substantial technology
  transfer and capability in one of the most
  advanced space imaging technologies

66
AstroSAR-Lite An Ideal Solution for Nigerias
remote sensing needs
Conclusion (First Last)

• AstroSAR-Lite provides Nigeria reliably - all
  weather, night day
• Re-image specific locations more than 10 times
  per day (Club x 3)
• Whole EEZ imaged every day between 9 12 times
  (Club x 3)
• Monitoring up to 1Msqkm of sea per pass over
  region
• Change detection on key infrastructure, borders,
  etc at high res daily
• Total National map updatable in lt2 weeks at 3m
  resolution with up to 13 of Nigeria imaged at 3m
  resolution per day (faster with Club)
• Reliable high frequency all weather imaging
  anywhere in Africa
• High technology transfer and international
  collaboration opportunities

In 24 Hrs
Regional Maritime Access Plots One AstroSAR in
14 Deg Inc. Orbit Club constellation of 3 in 39
2 in 14