Glagolsko vreme tense

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Glagolsko vreme (tense)

• Predavanje 6.maj 2008

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Vreme realnosti i glagolsko vreme (Time and Tense)

• Formalno obeleena glagolska kategorija
• Radnja se smeta u neki vremenski okvir (time
  frame) prolost vs ne-prolost
• Vreme realnosti vs gramaticko vreme (TimeTense)
• Obeleavanjem glagola za gramaticko vreme
  referiramo na prolost ili sadanjost u kojoj se
  dogodio ili u kojoj se deava neki dogadaj
• Formalni clanovi kategorije vremena su Past i
  Non-Past, predstavljeni oblicima The Present
  Tense and The Past Tense
• Gramaticko vreme pokazuju i adverbijali (now...)

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Klase kategorije vremena

• Epistemicko vreme vreme kada je neka tvrdnja
  bila validna
• Maisy said she was coming.
• Deikticko vreme odgovara momentu govora, tvrdnja
  je validna i u trenutku govora
• Maisy says her sister was born in 1960.
• Maisy said she is coming.
• Glagolski oblici imaju tri grupe znacenja
• Radnje koje imaju centar (momenat govora) I hold
  a phone in my hand.
• Radnje koje nemaju centar I walk in the park
  every evening.
• Radnje koje ne pripadaju nijednoj vremenskoj
  dimenziji The Earth revolves around the Sun.

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Znacenja glagolskih oblika

• Osnovno znacenje (Basic Meaning)
• I live in the centre of the town.
• Trajno iterativna (Habitual Meaning) i trenutno
  iterativna, ucestala (Iterative Meaning)
  znacenja
• There used to be a cinema here.
• They were knocking on the door in panic.
• Pomerena (Relative Meaning) znacenja.
• D.H. Lawrence writes The Plumed Serpent after his
  trip to Mexico.
• Ill tell you the latest gosip when I see you.
• If I had known the facts, the whole thing
  wouldve turned out well.

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Prezent ( The Present Simple Tense)

• Formalno obeleen T-morfemom s u 3p sg
• Ostali oblici lica identicni s osnovom glagola
• Opisuje radnju u sadanjosti
• Prezentom izraena sadanjost ukljucuje momenat
  govora
• Prezent moe da se odnosi na vreme pre i posle
  momenta govora

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Znacenja i upotrebe prezenta

• Osnovno znacenje (Basic Meaning)
• U demonstracijama, opisima i objanjenjima
• Then I add whipped cream.
• I enclose my CV.
• U prenosima dogadjaja
• The Prince of Wales takes his bride by the
  hand...
• Ivanovic makes a run for the net...
• U uzvicnim izrazima (cesto formule, sa Here,
  There...)
• Here comes the bride!
• There he goes!
• U iskazima sa performativnim glagolima
• I apologize.
• Sa privativnim, perceptivnim glagolima
• I admire your courage

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...

• Trajno iterativno znacenje (Habitual Meaning) sa
  dinamicnim i statickim glagolima
• radnja je smetena u neogranicen vremenski period
  u kome se ritmicno ponavlja
• cesta je upotreba adverbijala za frekvenciju
  (always, every day, in spring, twice a year,
  weekly...)
• I dont read the Politika.
• The Romantic Train leaves at 9 from Platform 1.
• Whenever I ask him something, he blushes.

8
...

• Pomerena znacenja prezenta
• Svevremeni /genericki prezent
• Galileo believed that the Earth revolves around
  the Sun.
• Buduci prezent
• U vremenskim i kondicionalnim klauzama
• When you make your mind up, tell me.
• If she refuses to go, then seek help.
• U uputstvima (traenje i davanje)
• Where do I click now? Here, you click on this
  icon, see?
• Umesto buduceg perfekta
• When I finish the course (when I have finished
  ..) Ill go.

9
...

• Istorijski/narativni/dramski prezent
• It is not until 9th century that the first
  records appear...
• I was sitting in the park yesterday, when
  suddenly it starts to rain.
• W.B.Yeats is the last representative of
  romanticism in Britain.
• U naslovima novina
• The Queen Arrives in Perth
• Hilary Wins the Pen Caucus
• Myanmar Reels as Cyclon Toll Hits Thousands

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Preterit (The Past Tense)

• Obeleen, prost glagolski oblik, T-morfemom ed
  (po pravilu) pravilna i nepravilna konjugacija
• odnosi se na radnju koja prethodi sadanjem
  momentu i koja ne ukljucuje sadanji momenat.
• Osnovno znacenje (Basic Meaning) - odredeni
  preterit, cesto podran adverbijalima ( a long
  time ago, yesterday)
• Byron died in Greece (in 1824)
• Trajno-itertivni preterit (adverbijali every
  year, in the past ten years)
• We always spent our summers at the lake when I
  was small.
• There was a music club there in those days.

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...

• Moe se parafrazirati oblikom USED TO
• We used to live on the second floor.
• Koordinacija She adressed and posted the letter
• Simultana radnja The bomb exploded and blew off
  the hotel door.

12
...

• Pomerena znacenja preterita
• Svevremeni/ genericki preterit
• Sigh no more ladies. Men were deceivers ever.
• Buduci preterit u zavisnim klauzama posle veznika
  AS, BEFORE, UNTIL, THEN
• She decided to quit when she came back from
  South Africa.
• Modalni/ hipoteticki preterit u zavisnim
  klauzama (if, if only, as if, as though wish,
  suppose Id rather, its (high) time)
• If you accepted that, there would be a problem.
• He struts around as if he owned the place.
• I wish I had that kind of determination.

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...

• Preterit stava (hedges)
• I wanted to ask you something.
• I thought he was a crook.
• I wondered if you could spare a minute.
• Did you wish anything else, sir?