GCSE HISTORY COURSEWORK 2 GERMANY

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GCSE HISTORY COURSEWORK 2GERMANY
MR J.B POLAND HISTORY DEPARTMENT ST JOHN HOUGHTON
CATHOLIC SCHOOL
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GCSE HISTORY COURSEWORK 2GERMANY

• When dealing with sources we must. This is good
  preparation for paper 2 source based questions
• 1 Content
• 2 Comment
• 3 Context

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GCSE HISTORY COURSEWORK 2GERMANY

• Sourced based and organised into sections A
  through to F
• 12.5 of final mark
• Must be word processed and organised to a
  professional standard,
• 2000 words advised.Can be longer if required
• STICK TO THE SOURCE QUESTIONS ASKED.
• Must use own facts/sources and evidence.
• All questions are marked in levels by criteria
  you must adapt your answer to the Mark scheme
• 12.5 of final mark
• Must be word processed and organised to a
  professional standard.

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GCSE HISTORY COURSEWORK 2GERMANY

• Use of and citation from sources is vital.
• Use of textbook/Handouts important.
• Proof read and assist each other.
• No copy n paste.
• Own research important but stay focused.
• Plan before compete.
• Always HIT the title and be RUTHLESS.
• Dont panic use Mr Poland/McNally dont be afraid
  to ask for help.

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Good Links

• See also The war of the world C4 TV and book by
  Prof Naill Ferguson
• http//library.advanced.org/12307/main.html
• http//www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?langenModul
  eId10005201
• http//www.mtsu.edu/baustin/knacht.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallnacht
• http//www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holoca
  ust/kristalltoc.html

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• Timeline Germany A chronology of key events
• 1914-1918 - World War I.
• 1918 - Germany defeated, signs armistice.
• 1919 - Treaty of Versailles Germany loses
  colonies and land to neighbours, pays large-scale
  reparations.
• Beginning of the Weimar Republic, based on a new
  constitution. Its early years are marked by high
  unemployment and rampant inflation.
• 1923 - Adolf Hitler, head of the National
  Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) Party, leads an
  abortive coup in a Munich beer hall.
• France, Belgium occupy the Ruhr over failed
  reparation payments. Hyperinflation leads to
  economic collapse.
• 1924 - Hitler writes Mein Kampf - "My Struggle" -
  in prison.
• 1929 - Global depression, mass unemployment.
  Following on from the Wall St Crash.

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• Timeline Germany A chronology of key events
• 1933
• January 30 - Hitler becomes Chancellor of
  Germany.
• February 28 - Nazis set fire to the Reichstag.
  Hitler acquires "emergency" powers as the German
  constitution is suspended.
• March 10 - Dauchau, the first concentration camp,
  is established.
• April 1 - Hitler orders a one-day boycott of
  Jewish shops and institutions.
• April 7 - Germany passes the first anti-Jewish
  law.
• 1934
• February 7 - Hitler's Defense Council declares
  intention to prepare for war.
• June 30 - To consolidate their power, Hitler
  kills Ernst Roehm and other Nazi leaders.
• August 3 - Hitler becomes the self-declared
  President and Chancellor of Germany.

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• Timeline Germany A chronology of key events
• 1935
• September 15 - German Jews lose their citizenship
  as the first of the Nuremburg laws are passed.
  These laws would systematically exclude Jews from
  German society.
• November 14 - Under Nazi law, a Jew is defined as
  anyone with three Jewish grandparents, or anyone
  having two Jewish grandparents who claims to be
  Jewish.
• 1936
• Nazi anti-Jewish activity is put on hiatus as the
  11th Olympiad is held in Berlin. The nations of
  the world do not see Hitler's injustice.
• 1937
• July 2 - Many Jewish students expelled from
  German schools and universities.
• July 19 - Buchenwald concentration camp opened.
• November 16 - Jews contained in Germany by act
  making Jewish passports invalid for international
  travel.

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• Timeline Germany A chronology of key events
• 1938
• March 12 - German annexation of Austria. German
  anti-Jewish laws take effect in the subjugated
  country.
• October 28 - 15,000 Jews herded into Poland at
  gunpoint.
• November 9 - Kristallnacht, the "Night of Broken
  Glass," begins. These government-sanctioned riots
  resulted in incredible destruction of Jewish
  property in Germany.
• November 15 - All Jewish students expelled from
  German education.
• 1939
• August 23 - Russia and Germany sign a
  non-aggression pact.
• September 1 - Hitler declares war on Poland.
• September 3 - World War II begins.
• October 12 - Trains begin shipping Austrian Jews
  to camps in Poland.
• November 28 - The first ghetto is set up in
  Protrkow, Poland.

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• "Kristallnacht" is a German word that consists of
  two parts "Kristall" translates to "crystal" and
  refers to the look of broken glass and "Nacht"
  means "night." The accepted English translation
  is the "Night of Broken Glass."

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• On November 9, 1938, the Nazis unleashed a wave
  of pogroms against Germany's Jews. In the space
  of a few hours, thousands of synagogues and
  Jewish businesses and homes were damaged or
  destroyed. This event came to be called
  Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass") for the
  shattered store windowpanes that carpeted German
  streets.

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• The pretext for this violence was the November 7
  assassination of a German diplomat in Paris,
  Ernst vom Rath, by Herschel Grynszpan, a Jewish
  teenager whose parents, along with 17,000 other
  Polish Jews, had been recently expelled from the
  Reich. Though portrayed as spontaneous outbursts
  of popular outrage, these pogroms were calculated
  acts of retaliation carried out by the SA, SS,
  and local Nazi party organizations.
• Stormtroopers killed at least 91 Jews and injured
  many others. For the first time, Jews were
  arrested on a massive scale and transported to
  Nazi concentration camps. About 30,000 Jews were
  sent to Buchenwald, Dachau, and Sachsenhausen,
  where hundreds died within weeks of arrival.
  Release came only after the prisoners arranged to
  emigrate and agreed to transfer their property to
  "Aryans."
• Kristallnacht culminated the escalating violence
  against Jews that began during the incorporation
  of Austria into the Reich in March 1938. It also
  signaled the fateful transfer of responsibility
  for "solving" the "Jewish Question" to the SS.

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• I have often been a prophet in my life and was
  generally laughed at. During my struggle for
  power, the Jews primarily received with laughter
  my prophecies that I would someday assume the
  leadership of the state....and then, among many
  other things, achieve a solution of the Jewish
  problem. I suppose that the laughter of Jewry
  in Germany is now choking in their throats.
• Today I will be a prophet again If international
  finance Jewry...should succeed once more in
  plunging the peoples into a world war, then the
  consequence will be...the destruction of the
  Jewish race in Europe.
•   - Adolf Hitler

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• In Mein Kampf, Hitler had written
• "If at the beginning of, or during, the war
  12,000 or 15,000 of these Jewish corrupters of
  the people had been plunged into an asphyxiating
  gas...the sacrifice of millions of soldiers would
  not have been in vain."
• Sounds like a premonition to the Holocaust 16
  years later

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Paul Von Hindenburg called Hitler to the
chancellorship of Germany on January 30, 1933.
Within one month, the Reichstag (Germany's
Parliament) building burned and Hitler persuaded
President Hindenburg to sign an emergency decree.
This authorized Hitler to suspend all civil
rights and arrest and execute any suspicious
person.
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Reich minister Joseph Goebbels delivers a speech
to a crowd in the Berlin Lustgarten, urging the
boycott of Jewish-owned businesses. He claims
that this action is a legitimate response to
"anti-German atrocity propaganda" carried out by
"international Jewry." April 1, 1933.
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SA pickets, wearing boycott signs, block the
entrance to a Jewish-owned shop. April 1, 1933
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A German civilian (with Nazi armband) holds
anti-Jewish boycott signs, while SA members post
them on a Jewish-owned business. The signs read,
"Germans, defend yourselves against Jewish
atrocity propaganda, buy only at German stores."
Circa 1933
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Under order of Joseph Goebbels, Hitler's Minister
of Propaganda, Nazi gangs raided the Berlin
Library and gathered "un-German" books including
the works of world-class authors such as Thomas
Mann, Erich Maria Remarque, Jack London, H. G.
Wells, and Emile Zola as well as those of Jewish
writers. In this photo, Germans crowd around a
stall filled with confiscated books soon to be
burned.May 10, 1933.
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A German SA officer throws confiscated
"un-German" books onto a pyre. German book
burnings destroyed Jewish books, as well as any
books which posed beliefs in contradiction with
the Nazi ideology. May 10, 1933.
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Three Jewish businessmen are forced to march down
Bruehl Strasse, one of the main commercial
streets in central Leipzig, carrying signs that
read, "Don't buy from Jews. Shop in German
businesses!" 1935.
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To carry out its orchestrated extermination, the
Nazi regime needed popular backing. Towards that
goal, the Nazi party undertook propaganda
campaigns unprecedented in scale or
effectiveness.    Nazi officials view "The
Eternal Jew" exhibit in Munich. The two segments
in view are entitled, "Jewish dress was a warning
against racial defilement," and "Usury and the
fencing of goods were always their privilege."
Nov 8, 1937
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A German woman undergoes a "racial examination,"
in which her facial features are measured. The
Nazi pseudoscience of racial hierarchy justified
extermination of non-German races by claiming
them to be inferior. Many Germans accepted this
propaganda as scientific truth. Circa 1933-1939.


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The Loos Haus, a public building in Vienna,
Austria, adorned with a huge banner bearing a
quotation from Hitler "Those of the same blood
belong in the same Reich." These banners were
ubiquitous in Austria in the weeks preceding the
plebiscite on Austrian inclusion in the German
Reich after the Anschluss April 10 1938
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A group of Nazis hold hands on the steps of the
University of Vienna in an attempt to prevent
Jews from entering the building. The action led
to a day of student rioting which had to be
suppressed by the police. 1938
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An anti-Semitic cartoon depicts the Jews as an
octopus with its tentacles encircling the globe.
This type of propaganda purported the existence
of a Jewish "Illuminati," a group of greedy and
immoral overlords controlling the world while
remaining hidden. Circa 1938.
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• Message from SS-Grupenführer Heydrich to all
  State Police Main Offices and Field Offices,
  November 10 1938
• Berlin No. 234 404 9.11.2355
• To all Gestapo Stations and Gestapo District
  Stations
• To Officer or Deputy
• This teleprinter message is to be delivered
  without delay
• At very shot notice Aktionen against the Jews,
  especially against their synagogues, will take
  place throughout the whole of Germany. They are
  not to be hindered. In conjunction with the
  police, however, it is to be ensured that looting
  and other such excesses can be prevented.
• If important archive material is in synagogues,
  this is to be taken into safekeeping by an
  immediate measure.
• Preparations are to be made for the arrest of
  between 20,000 and 30,000 Jews in the Reich
  (Germany state). Wealthy Jews in particular are
  to be selected. More detailed instructions will
  be issued in the course of the night.
• Should, in the forthcoming Aktionen, Jews be
  found in possession of weapons, the most severe
  measures are to be taken. SS Reserves as well as
  the General SS can be mobilized in the total
  Aktionen. The direction of the Aktionen by the
  Gestapo is in any case to be ensured by
  appropriate measures.
• Gestapo II Mueller
• This teleprinter message is secret.

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• The order spawned two days of destruction in
  which Jewish stores and synagogues were
  destroyed. Police stood by idly, only taking
  action when Jews attempted to stop the looting
  and burning. It would take all the plate glass
  factories in Belgium two years to replace the
  glass broken in these organized and sanctioned
  riots. The shards of glass which filled German
  streets gave the riots their name, Kristallnacht,
  the "Night of Broken Glass.
• On November 10th, Reinhard Heydrich, a top
  official of the Nazi party, sent out another
  telegram
• As soon as the night's events make police
  inspectors available, there will be an
  opportunity to arrest as many Jews - preferably
  those who are rich - as the jails can hold. Male
  Jews who are in good health, and not too old, are
  to be arrested first. After the arrests,
  immediate contact is to be made with the nearest
  concentration camps for the speedy jailing of the
  Jews.
• When Jews questioned the arrests of their
  brothers, husbands, and fathers, the Gestapo
  charged the them with starting the riots

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The Jewish synagogue in Ober Ramstadt is burned
during Kristallnacht. The local fire department
prevented the spread of the fire to nearby
buildings, but made no attempt to stop the
synagogue fire. November 9, 1938
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Nearly 200 synagogues were set afire on November
9, 1938, in an officially orchestrated evening of
widespread violence and vandalism of Jewish
property. In addition to the burning of
synagogues, Jewish businesses and shops were
severely vandalized throughout Germany. Josef
Goebbels, the propaganda minister under Adolf
Hitler, masterminded this Night of Broken Glass.
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Storefronts of Jewish-owned businesses damaged
during the Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken
Glass") pogrom. Berlin, Germany, November 10, 1938
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Storefronts of Jewish-owned businesses damaged
during the Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken
Glass") pogrom. Berlin, Germany, November 10, 1938
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Jews arrested after Kristallnacht (the "Night of
Broken Glass") await deportation to Dachau
concentration camp. Baden-Baden, Germany,
November 10, 1938.
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The front page of Julius Streicher's Anti-Semitic
newspaper, "Der Stuermer," shows an illustration
from a medieval book depicting the medieval myth
of ritual murder. Rumours of Jewish ritual
sacrifice likely started when a young boy, Hugh
of Lincoln, fell to his death during the time of
a Jewish wedding party. Not only was Judaism the
first religion to outlaw ritual sacrifice, but
Jews are the only ancient Near East people who
were forbidden to eat the blood of any animal.
May, 1939.