Class Slides Set 21

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Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I
Introduction Basic Terms / Basic Types
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Tools and Technologies

• bone, tooth, horn / antler

• lithic (stone)

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Tools and Technologies

• bone, tooth, horn / antler

• lithic (stone)

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http//anthro.palomar.edu/homo/glossary.htm
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Glossary
osteodontokeratic

• osteo "bone"
• donto "tooth"
• keratic "horn"

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Glossary
osteodontokeratic

• osteo "bone"
• donto "tooth"
• keratic "horn"

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9th p. 395
Harappa (c. 3300-2800 B.C.)
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Magdalenian bone artifact. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 292.
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Glossary
osteodontokeratic

• osteo "bone"
• donto "tooth"
• keratic "horn"

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9th p. 306
www.sfu.ca/archaeology/museum/ask/a6.htm
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Glossary
osteodontokeratic

• osteo "bone"
• donto "tooth"
• keratic "horn"

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Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping
knife, with inset flint blades. Understanding
Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed),
p. 328.
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9th p. 306
Devon Island, High Arctic Canada.
http//www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticA
rchStuff/TLArts.html
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Tools and Technologies

• bone, tooth, horn / antler

• lithic (stone)

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Stone Tools and Technologies
lithic tools

• basic types
• basic techniques of manufacture
• basic tool uses
• Upper Paleolithic traditions

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Glossary
tradition horizon
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Glossary
tradition horizon
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Glossary
tradition

• similarity of elements over considerable time in
  a delimited area
• site, locality or region

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Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)
Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)
Cultural periods of the European Upper
Paleolithic. Understanding Physical Anthropology
and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 289.
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9th p. 289
Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)
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Cultural periods of the European Upper
Paleolithic. Understanding Physical Anthropology
and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 289.
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Solutrean
Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p.
132.
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Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 289.
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Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 289.
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Solutrean laurel leaf blade France
Life Nature Library, Cro-Magnon, p. 60.
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Cultural periods of the European Upper
Paleolithic. Understanding Physical Anthropology
and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 289.
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Magdalenian
Source Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th
ed., p. 132.
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www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuf
f/TLArts.html
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Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the
carving.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 291.
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Glossary
tradition horizon
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Glossary
horizon

• similarity of elements over a large area during a
  short time span

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Time line for New World Civililzations.xxx Underst
anding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9th
ed), p. 404.
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Glossary
horizon marker

• characteristic item that marks an identifiable
  horizon

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Toltec serpentine columns
Toltec chacmool
Toltec-style serpentine columns and Chacmool.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology (8th ed), p. 491.
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Toltecized Maya
Toltec
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology (9th ed), p. 403.
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Glossary
flake tools core tools
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Glossary
flake tools the smaller pieces struck off of a
stone
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Core and flake. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.
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Clovis
Folsom
Plano
Dalton
Major types of North American Paleo-Indian
projectile points. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 315.
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North American Paleo-Indian and Archaic
sites. Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology (9th ed), p. 313.
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Burin. Solutrean
blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology (9th ed), p. 289.
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Glossary
core
what is left over after a flake has been struck
off of a stone
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Core and flake. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.
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Stone Tools and Technologies
lithic tools

• basic types
• basic techniques of manufacture
• basic tool uses
• Upper Paleolithic traditions

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(No Transcript)
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1 pebble tools
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Glossary
pebble tools aka choppers

• rounded stone (pebble) struck with a similar
  stone (hammerstone),
• which creates a jagged edge,
• that serves as a chopping edge

48
sometimes pebble tools are also known as
Oldowan choppers
Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological
Industries and Hominids. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 256.
49
http//lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/oldowans
tonetools.htm
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2 Core and flake tools are bifacial
handaxes
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Glossary
Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial
hand axes

• Clactonian (flake)
• Acheulean (core)
• Abbevillian (core)

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Glossary
Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial
hand axes

• Clactonian (flake)
• Acheulean (core)
• Abbevillian (core)

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bifacial handaxes
Abbevillian aka primitive hand axes
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www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk116/axe/
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Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 115.
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(No Transcript)
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Glossary
Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial
hand axes

• Clactonian (flake)
• Acheulean (core)
• Abbevillian (core)

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bifacial handaxes
Acheulean
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Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological
Industries and Hominids. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 256.
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Acheulian biface (hand axe). Richard Effland,
Maricopa College
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(No Transcript)
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Acheulian biface (hand axe). Understanding
Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed),
p. 239.
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Acheulian tools, mainly hand axes, from
Olorgesailie, Kenya. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 240.
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Glossary
Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial
hand axes

• Clactonian (flake)
• Acheulean (core)
• Abbevillian (core)

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(No Transcript)
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www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk116/axe/
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www.dartfordarchive.org.uk/early_history/magnified
/clactonian_flake_tools.html
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3 blade tools
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Glossary
blade tool

• a flake tool that is at least twice as long as
  it is wide
• a thin-edged fragment removed from a core

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Burin. Solutrean blade. Understanding
Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed),
p. 289.
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Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 289.
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http//lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/cloviswh
eredidcomefrompage2.htm
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Glossary
serrated

• having a notched edge or saw-like teeth

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(No Transcript)
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Glossary
fluted

• with a furrow or groove

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fluting
Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 112.
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4 microliths
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Glossary
microliths

• small stone tools usually produced from narrow
  blades punched from a core
• micro small
• lith stone

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Glossary
microliths

• small stone tools usually produced from narrow
  blades punched from a core
• micro small
• lith stone

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(No Transcript)
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Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p.
213.
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Glossary
compound(composite)

• made of several parts
• e.g., spear, harpoon, sickle, hammer . . .

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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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European Mesolithic stone axe in its antler
sleeve, Shaped to fit into the socket of a
missing wooden handle. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 319.
86
Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping
knife, with inset flint blades. Understanding
Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed),
p. 328.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 393.
87
Glossary
hafted

• with a handle

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Clovis fluted points in simulated
mountings. Understanding Physical Anthropology
and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 313.
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http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1766683.stm
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Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p.
106.
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Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 114.
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 114.
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Glossary
atlatl

• spear thrower
• (Nahuatl, Aztec)

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Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the
carving..
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 291.
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(No Transcript)
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www.worldatlatl.org/
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Magdalenian bone artifact. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology (9th ed), p. 292.
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Braidwood, Prehistoric Men 2nd Ed. (Chicago
Natural History Museum, 1951), p. 74.
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5 chopper copping and flake tools
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Glossary
chopper-chopping flake tools . . .
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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Movius Line
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Movius Line
Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed, p.
334.
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To Class Slides Set 22 Next Tools and
Technologies II
Making and Using Lithic Tools
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http//dsc.discovery.com/news/2006/10/31/earlieste
uropeans_arc.html?categoryarchaeology\1guid2006
1031120000