Mod

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Mod 11 - Memory

• Memory Processes
• Encoding - Making a mental representation
• Automatic no effort
• Effortful Rehearse/repeat

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Memory Processes

• Storage - permanent location
• Retrieval - Recall of information

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Types of Memory

• Immediate / Sensory memory
• Short-term (ST) / Working memory
• Long-term (LT) memory

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Sensory Memory

• For an instant or a few seconds
• Iconic- smooths the image
• Echoic - Auditory memory of 1 or 2 secs
• Functions Prevents overload, gives decision
  time, stabilizes images, recognition

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Short-term Memory

• Storage of 7 items from 2 to 30 seconds
• (Phone Numbers Zip Codes)
• Functions

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Short-term Memory

• Interference new info pushing out old
• Chunking - combining
• (e.g. 459125689456 -gt 459 125 689 456)

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Long-term Memory

• Capacity - almost unlimited without damage
• Retrieval Accuracy
• depend on how its encoded
• any interferences
• may have distortions over time

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Long-term Memory

• Elaborative Rehearsal
• Meaningful associations
• Mnemonic Devices
• Strategies to enhance memory

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Long-term Memory

• Types
• Declarative - stories, events
• Semantic - facts, concepts, definitions, rules
• Episodic - personal experiences, habits, hobbies
• Procedural - learned skills, habits

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Memory Processing

• Primacy Effect (LT)
• recall for info at the beginning of a task
• Recency Effect (ST)
• recall for info at the end of a task
• Primacy-Recency Effect - better recall for info
  at beginning at end (Class example)

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Memory Processing

• Levels of Processing Theory -
• Shallow - Physical feature/single aspect
• Deeper - Properties / multiple elements
• Deepest - Attach meaning, making associations

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Repressed Memory

• Traumatic memories in the subconscious
• Research Findings -
• 25 - 29 claim remembering a falsely implanted
  memory

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Perceptual Memory Modes

• Verbal - Saying
• Auditory - Hearing it
• Olfactory - Smelling it
• Kinesthetic - Touching it/ Doing it
• Visual - Seeing it

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Types of Visual Memory

• Photographic - entirely recalled
• Eidetic - recall many details
• Flashbulb - (pg. 255) emotionally charged
  incidents

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Factors Affecting Memory

• Sleep
• Emotional Conditions
• Stress
• Anxiety
• Nutrition
• Substance Use
• Hormonal fluctuations