A Principals View

1
(No Transcript)
2
Closing the GapNo Small Roles in Big Change The
Fifteenth Education TrustNational
ConferenceNovember 11-13, 2004Washington, D.C.
Virginia AguilarExecutive AdministratorState
and Federal Programs Spring Branch ISDHouston,
Texas
3
Leadership, Advocacy, and Collaboration In a
Time of Changing Demographics
4
When we escaped from Cuba, all we could carry
was our education.
Alicia Coro
5
Today

• 1 in 3 children is from an ethnic or racial
  minority group
• 1 in 7 (14) speaks a language other than English
• 1 in 15 was born outside the USA

6
While three quarters of Americans now claim
European descent, by 2050 only half will.
7

• While one tenth of nonHispanic White students
  leave school without a diploma,
• one fourth of African Americans
• one third Hispanics
• one half of Native Americans
• two thirds of immigrant students
• drop out of school.

Eugene Garcia, Ph.D.University of
California,Berkeley
8
Hispanics accounted for 12.5 percent of the U.S.
population in 2000
Source U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000
9
Educational Attainment Cross Racial and Ethnic
Lines
Source U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population
Survey, March 2000
10
Population Size and Composition

• In March 2002, there were 37.4 million Hispanics
  in the civilian noninstitutional population of
  the United States.
• 13.3 of the U.S. population is Hispanic.
• People of Mexican origin comprise 66.9 of the
  U.S. Hispanic population.

Source U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000
11
Percent Distribution of Hispanics by Type 2002
Source Current Population Survey, March 2002,
PGP5
12
(No Transcript)
13
Educational Attainment

• Educational attainment of Hispanics lags behind
  nonHispanic Whites.
• Among Hispanics, Mexicans 25 years and older had
  the lowest proportion of people with a high
  school diploma or more.
• Mexicans 25 years and older also had the lowest
  proportion of Hispanics with a bachelors degree
  or more.

Source U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000
14
Educational Attainment by Hispanic Origin 2002
15
Economic Characteristics

• Hispanics were more likely than nonHispanic
  Whites to be unemployed in March 2002.
• Among employed Hispanics in March 2002, the most
  common occupations were
• service workers
• precision production, craft, repair
• transportation

16
Percent Unemployed by Hispanic Origin and Sex
2002
(Population 16 years and over in the civilian
labor force)
Source Current Population Survey, March 2002,
PGP5
17
Percent Occupation for Men by Hispanic Origin
2002
Source Current Population Survey, March 2002,
PGP5
18
Percent Occupation for Women by Hispanic Origin
2002
NonHispanic
Hispanic
Source Current Population Survey, March 2002,
PGP5
19
Percent of FullTime, YearRound Workers with
Earnings of 50,000 or More in 2001 by Sex and
Hispanic Origin 2002
(Population 15 years and over with earnings)
Source Current Population Survey, March 2002,
PGP5
20
Poverty

• Hispanics are more likely to be living in poverty
  than nonHispanic Whites.
• Over one quarter of Hispanic children under age
  18 live in poverty.
• Hispanic families are more likely to be living in
  poverty than nonHispanic White families.

Source U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000
21
Percent of the Population Below the Poverty
Level in 2001 by Age and Hispanic Origin 2002
Source U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000
22
(No Transcript)
23
The Growing Number of Limited English Proficient
Students
Source U.S. Dept. of Education (2003)
24
The Growing Number of Limited English Proficient
Students
LEP Enrollment
K-12 Enrollment
25
The Growing Number of Limited English Proficient
Students
Source U.S. Dept. of Education (2003)
26
The Growing Number of Limited English Proficient
Students
Source U.S. Dept. of Education (2003)
27
The Growing Number of Limited English Proficient
Students
Source U.S. Dept. of Education (2003)
28
Demographic Information about English Language
Learners (ELL)

• Nationally
• ELL students are three times more likely to be
  low achievers
• 30 of ELL students were retained at least one
  grade (compared to 17 of native English
  speakers)

Source ECS Clearinghouse (1997) and Garcia in
Flores (1996)
29
Demographic Information about English Language
Learners (ELL)

• Nationally (continued)
• 65 are in grades K6
• 75 are Hispanic
• 4 are Vietnamese
• 2 are Hmong, Cantonese, Cambodian, Korean

Source Navarette and Gustke (1996)
30
Demographic Information about English Language
Learners (ELL)

• There are over 5 million Limited English
  Proficient (LEP) students enrolled in U.S.
  schools.

31
Demographic Information about English Language
Learners (ELL)

• Most LEP students are in elementary school.
  About 14 are enrolled in high school.

Source Navarette and Gustke (1996)
32
Demographic Information about English Language
Learners (ELL)

• Most LEP students speak Spanish as a first
  language. The second largest language group in
  our schools is Vietnamese.

33
Demographic Information about English Language
Learners (ELL)

• About 66 of immigrant students drop out of
  school.

Source ECS Clearinghouse (1997) and Garcia in
Flores (1996)
34
Leadership
35
Leadership

• Promote high expectations

36
The Five Rs for Educating Language Minority
Students

• Respectful
• Responsive
• Responsible
• Resourceful
• Reasonable

Eugene Garcia
37
Leadership

• Promote high expectations
• Serve on school/district committees
• Make presentations to faculty, school, and
  community groups
• Promote systemic change

38
Who is taking Calculus?

• Nationally
• 12 White students
• 6 Latinos Native Americans

NCES, 2002
39
What About Physics?

• Nationally
• 30.7 White students
• 21.4 African Americans
• 18.9 Hispanics
• 16.2 Native American

NCES, 2002
40
Leadership (continued)

• Advocate for accountability
• Identify achievement gaps
• Develop a sense of urgency for reform
• Use datashare results

41
Advocacy
42
Advocacy

• Open doorsaccess for all
• Inclusion for all
• Be assertive
• Use data to effect change

43
Collaboration
44
Collaboration

• Team with teachers

45
The average 12th grade lowincome student of
color reads at the same level as the average 8th
grade middleclass white student.
Kahlenberg, 2000
46
Collaboration

• Team with teachers
• Partner with parents

47
88 of white students have graduated from high
school, but the rate for Hispanics is just 56.
U.S. Census Bureau 2002
48
Collaboration

• Team with teachers
• Partner with parents
• Consult with colleges and universities

49
Evidence indicates that higher numbers of
teachers of color in a schoolparticularly
African American and Hispaniccan promote the
achievement of African American and Hispanic
students.
Clewell, Puma, McKay, 2001 Dee, 2002
50
Collaboration

• Team with teachers
• Partner with parents
• Consult with colleges and universities
• Connect with the community

51
According to the 2002 U.S. Census data, annual
average earnings for those with a bachelors
degree were nearly double that amount of those
with just a high school diploma 45,678
compared to 24,572
U.S. Census Bureau 2000b
52
Collaboration

• Team with teachers
• Partner with parents
• Consult with colleges and universities
• Connect with the community
• Discuss data

53
EquityWarriors
54
Equity Warriors
Equity Warriors are people who, regardless of
their role in a school or district, passionately
lead and embrace the mission of high levels of
achievement for all students, regardless of race,
social class, ethnicity, culture, disability, or
language proficiency.
55
Equity Warriors
They view themselves as having power to
influence the teaching and learning agenda in
meaningful ways.
56
Equity Warriors

• Often act outside their formally assigned roles
• Communicate effectively and persistently with
  diverse publics to influence the core business
  of schools and districts
• Participate successfully in crossfunctional
  teams

57
Equity Warriors

• Work to improve their knowledge, skills, and
  dispositions
• Engage in risktaking
• And model the values, beliefs, and behaviors for
  others to emulate in the quest for higher levels
  of learning for all groups of children and youth.

Larry Leverett, NCCSRBookmark, July 2002
58
(No Transcript)