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School Diversity and Differentiated Schooling: The Progressive Era

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Open vs. restricted immigration. Industrialization. From artisans to monopoly capitalists ... New Liberal Ideology- Modernism. Natural law ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: School Diversity and Differentiated Schooling: The Progressive Era


1
School Diversity and Differentiated Schooling
The Progressive Era
  • 1870s 1920s

2
  • See timetable page 113

3
Political Economy of Progressive Era
  • Urbanization
  • Immigration
  • Open vs. restricted immigration
  • Industrialization
  • From artisans to monopoly capitalists
  • Taylorization
  • The effect on womens work

4
Worker Responses
  • Trade unionism
  • Violence, strikes widespread
  • Populism
  • Traditions of agrarian democracy
  • Socialism
  • Urban, political, additional focus on race and
    class equality

5
Government Responses to Unrest
  • Progressivism
  • Stabilized economy while reinforcing unequal
    power relations between workers and
    business/government
  • Progressive urban reform
  • Propelled by middle and upper class
  • Centralization of power and expertise
  • Increased reliance on experts and privileged
    citizens

6
New Liberal Ideology- Modernism
  • Natural law
  • From scientific truth (Newton et al.) to relative
    truth (Darwin)
  • Reason
  • From human reason to scientific rationality
  • Virtue
  • From religious truths to conditionally determined
    good
  • Progress
  • Natural law and reason (perfectibility of
    society) give way to scientific planning and
    management (social progress brought through the
    social sciences)
  • Nationalism
  • From individualism to group identity
  • Freedom
  • From negative to positive

7
New Psychology
  • Faculty psychology is rejected
  • Psychoanalytic approach (Freud)
  • Primitivist psychology (Hall)
  • Social psychology (Mead)
  • Connectionism (Thorndike)

8
Two Strands of Progressive Education
  • Varied, child-centered curriculum
  • Developmental democracy model
  • Social efficiency model
  • Learning through activity
  • Schooling as response to social problems
  • School a reflection of social realities

9
Developmental Democracy Model
  • John Dewey
  • Education is only successful when people
    participate in democratic forms of life
  • Schools as laboratories for democracy
  • Avoidance of vocational education

10
Social Efficiency Model
  • Charles W. Eliot
  • Goals of
  • Social stability
  • Employable skills
  • Equal educational opportunity
  • Meritocracy
  • Use of mass IQ testing

11
Concluding Remarks
  • Progressive Era marks shift from classical
    laissez-faire liberalism to reliance on
    government and scientific expertise to solve
    social and economic problems
  • Schools as the setting for a social-efficiency
    approach to education
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