Programmatic New Source Review

1
ProgrammaticNew Source Review

• November 2, 2005

Malcolm C. Weiss Jeffer, Mangels, Butler
Marmaro LLP 1900 Avenue of the Stars Los Angeles,
CA 80067 [phone] mweiss_at_jmbm.com 3748292
2
Responsible Agencies

• Federal U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  (implements CAA, sets goals, national policies
  and regulatory framework)
• State California Air Resources Board (mobile
  sources, coordinate with local/federal agencies,
  state standards, SIP)
• Local Air Quality Management Districts (SCAQMD)
  (stationary sources, permitting, prohibitory
  rules, compliance, AQMP, MRR)

3
Clean Air Laws Overview

• 1970 Fed. Clean Air Act Adopted
• 1977 Major Amendment to CAA
• 1988 California CAA
• 1990 Major New Amendments

4
1970 Clean Air Act

• First major federal air legislation
• U.S. EPA created (ARB created in 1967)
• Earth Day - April 22, 1970

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1970 Clean Air Act (cont.)

• Authority delegated to states
• Establishes National Ambient Air Quality
  Standards (NAAQS)
• State Implementation Plans required
• Begins national permit programs
• New Source Review (NSR)
• States to meet NAAQS by 1975

6
1977 CAA Amendments

• Gives states more time to meet NAAQS
• Expands NSR
• Applicable to new sources
• Major modifications at existing facilities
• Review of NAAQS by 1980
• Attainment and Nonattainment areas

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1977 CAA Amendments (cont.)

• Basic Applicable Requirements
• Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air
  Quality (Part C) (PSD)
• Plan Requirements for Nonattainment areas (Part
  D) (NSR)

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1990 CAA Amendments Overview

• Title I - Attain and maintain NAAQS
• Title II - Mobile sources
• Title III - Hazardous air pollutants
• Title IV - Control acid rain
• Title V - National uniform permit system
• Title VI - Stratospheric ozone protection
• Title VII - Enforcement

9
1990 CAA Amendments

• Classifies ozone nonattainment areas marginal,
  moderate, serious, severe, and extreme
• Classifications trigger stringency of
  requirements
• Extends attainment dates for extreme areas

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CaliforniaThen and Now

• 1970
• California's population is 20 million
• More than 12 million vehicles
• VMT is 110 billion miles

• 2000
• California's population is 34 million
• More than 23 million vehicles
• VMT is 280 billion miles

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Motor Vehicle Impacts

• Up to 50 of NOx and VOC (smog)
• gt 50 of hazardous air pollutants
• 90 CO in urban areas

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Air Quality Management Plan

• SCAQMD
• Air Quality Analysis
• Overall Planning
• Stationary Sources
• SCAG
• Transportation
• Growth Management
• Land Use

• ARB
• Mobile sources
• Vehicle standards/ fuel
• Consumer products
• Strategies
• All known control technologies
• Technology forcing and incentives
• Major technology breakthroughs

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Part D of Title I Federal NSR

• Permits required to construct new or modified
  major stationary sources
• NSR and the permitting process are linked
• Expanded opportunity for public comments

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Federal NSR (cont.)

• New Sources - NSR is triggered only if the
  emissions make it a major source
• Existing Sources - NSR is triggered if the
  modification significantly increases emissions

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Federal NSR (cont.)

• Permits to Construct/Operate require that major
  stationary sources
• Install equipment to meet the Lowest Achievable
  Emission Rate (LAER)
• Obtain offsets (ratios)
• Demonstrate that all major sources under common
  ownership/control comply

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NSR Reform

• Reform was urged because of the growing
  indication that current regulations hinder,
  rather than promote improvements in air quality
• SCAQMD has filed a lawsuit contesting the reforms

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NSR Reform

• Routine Equipment Replacement Rule (10/27/03).
  Equipment replacement is excluded from NSR if
• It replaces an existing process unit
• with functionally equivalent components
• the cost of the replaced is lt 20 of the
  replacement value of the entire process unit
• the basic design of the equipment does not
  change and
• emissions limits not exceeded.

18
ProgrammaticNew Source Review

• November 2, 2005

Malcolm C. Weiss Jeffer, Mangels, Butler
Marmaro LLP 1900 Avenue of the Stars Los Angeles,
CA 80067 [phone] mweiss_at_jmbm.com 3748292