EDST 200 Rud

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EDST 200 - Rud LECTURE NINETEEN EDUCATIONAL
REFORM 1970s to the Present
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• Historical Background and Developments
• A Nation at Risk (April 26, 1983)
• Concerns
• Fall behind in industry, science, and technology.
• Issues of mediocrity in education.
• Shortage of teachers, especially in math,
  science, foreign languages.

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• Shortage of specialists in gifted education, for
  language minority and special education students.
• Professional working life of teachers
  unacceptable.
• Salary after 12 years, the average was only
  17,000 many needed to supplement income.
• Influence teachers have little influence in
  professional decisions, i.e., textbooks.
• Too many "methods" courses instead of subject
  matter 41 of elementary teachers' preparation
  in methods. Discuss!

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• Recommendations
• Higher standards for education students.
• Should show an "aptitude" for teaching.
• Should demonstrate competence in academic
  discipline.
• Higher salaries.
• Better evaluation system for promotion, tenure,
  and retention.
• 11-month contracts for teachers to ensure
  curriculum and professional development, programs
  for students with special needs.

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• Administrators, teachers develop career ladders.
• Beginning instructor.
• Experienced teacher.
• Master teacher.
• Hiring of qualified and retrained graduates in
  math and science.
• Incentives (grants, loans) to attract outstanding
  students in shortage areas.
• Master teachers involved in teacher preparation
  and in teacher supervision.

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• A Nation Prepared Teachers for the 21st Century
  (1986)
• Solutions.
• Make teacher salaries competitive.
• Require a B.A. in Arts Science before study in
  Education.
• Teacher incentives for student performance.
• Provide technology, staff, and services for
  teacher productivity.
• Professional graduate curriculum in education
  also internships and residencies.
• Create National Board of Professional Teaching
  Standards.
• Restructure schools for best learning and
  teaching.
• Better preparation of minority students for
  future teaching force

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• Governors' Report on Education (1991)
• Early childhood education for disadvantaged.
• Reduced class size from K-3rd grade.
• Alternative high schools for dropouts.
• Daycare and after-school care in schools.
• Home programs in parenting for low-income
  parents.
• School choice.

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• Place districts under state if students fail.
• Report cards for each school.
• Year-round use of school facilities.
• Career ladders.
• Train new teachers in technology.
• Principal accountability fire or reward.

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• Holmes Group's Reform (1986)
• 3-tier teacher licensing.
• Instructors.
• Professional teachers.
• Career professionals.
• Eliminate undergraduate degree in education
  instead, liberal arts degree.
• Better structuring of teacher courses to reflect
  intellectual structure.
• Coursework in pedagogy, values and ethics, and
  integrate professional knowledge with field
  experiences.

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• Professional Development Schools (PDSs).
• Better professional conditions in schools.
• More minority teachers.
• Purdue a charter member of the Holmes Group, now
  called the Holmes Partnership.
• PDSs in the College of Education.
• Notion of simultaneous renewal of COE and the
  schools.
• 5. Goals 2000 (G. H. W. Bush and Clinton
  administrations)

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• No Child Left Behind (2002)
• Signed into law by President G. W. Bush on
  January 8, 2002.
• Contains the most sweeping changes to the
  Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
  since it was enacted in 1965.
• Changes the federal government's role in K-12
  education.
• Asking America's schools to describe their
  success in terms of what each student
  accomplishes.

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• Four basic principles.
• Stronger accountability for results. States
  create standards.
• Students tested on progress.
• Progress must be made report cards.
• Increased flexibility and local control to spend
  federal dollars.
• Expanded options for parents.
• Can leave failing schools or get supplemental
  services paid for.
• Charter schools.
• An emphasis on teaching methods that have been
  proven to work.