GE Energy Overview

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GE Global Research
Sustainable Energy Technologies of the
Future Michael Idelchik Vice President Advanced
Technology
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Energy technology objectives
Efficient
Diverse
nuclear coal gas wind oil geothermal biomass hydr
o solar

Emissions
Reliability
Efficiency
Driving cost of electricity down
Future power systems more diverse, automated and
integrated
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A future ripe with opportunities
1970
Coal/Oil Boiler ST
Gas (SCGT)
Nuclear
How will the winning portfolio evolve?
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Cleaner coal
IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)

• Converts coal to synthesis gas cleaned prior to
  burning
• Carbon capture and sequestration ready
• Driving industry, regulatory change for coal
  need carbon policy
• RD focus
• Reduce plant costs, increase efficiency
• Enable cost-competitive CO2 capture solution

Electricity Transmission Distribution
Gasifier
Steam Turbine
Sulfur Removal Future CO2 Capture
HRSG
Gas Turbine
Mercury Removal
Particulate Removal
RadiantSyngas Cooler
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Combined cycle with supersonic heat release
technology
Fill
Initiation
Purge
Detonation Propagation
64
Blowdown/ Expansion
62
CC Efficiency
60

• Pressure increase during combustion
• Less cooling air required
• Unsteady flow into turbine

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56
10
15
20
25
30
Compressor PR
Game-changer for efficiency
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Superhydrophobic coatings
Condensers
Steam Turbines
Compressors
Higher heat transfer Smaller size
Anti-fouling Improved water wash
Droplet shedding Moisture control
Game-changer for efficiency
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Solar photovoltaic

• Thin film cells
• Low cost solar grade Si
• High efficiency cells
• Generation III technologies
• Inverter systems

Targeting 15/kWh at the meter by 2015
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Concentrated solar thermal

• Detailed evaluation of solar components and power
  block integration
• Applicable with steam and gas turbines
• Storage and hybridization are unique elements to
  leverage
• Well-positioned for peak demand sector, RPS, and
  CO2 credits

Evaluating opportunities
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Technology for 1.55 MW wind turbines
Next-generation blade

• 5 pts efficiency improvement
• 3 dB quieter
• Improved capacity factor at high wind

Next-generation drive train
gt0.5 pt efficiency improvement gt20 weight
reduction gt20 cost reduction
Wind penetration could reach 20 worldwide by 2030
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Energy recovery from waste heat
Jenbacher Gas Turbines
Geothermal
Industrial
Large GT
Solar
100C
200C
400C
500C
600C
300C
Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC)
Conventional Steam Cycles
Jenbacher Engines
Gas Turbine

• Increase efficiency by 5 pts
• Potential 50 efficient engine

• Adds 20 power to MD/SC apps
• Significant retrofit opportunity

Geothermal Solar
Industrial Waste Heat

• 100 GW geothermal potential (MIT)
• 200 GW solar potential

• 900 T BTU heat wasted (210-400F)
• 6B/yr energy wastes

Efficiency power and retrofits
( US only)
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Intelligent grid
Distributed Generation Integration
Wide-Area Awareness Protection
High-penetration Renewables
Distribution Automation
Demand Side Management
Meters Demand-Side Management
Power Generation
Generation Switchyard
Transmission Substation
Distribution Substation
EndUser
Common Information Backbone

• More performance from capacity-constrained
  infrastructure
• Improve grid operability, stability and robustness

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Energy storage
baseload renewables?
Application Power Level
1 kW
10 kW
100 kW
1 MW
10 MW
15 min
UPS
Load Ramping
30 min
Frequency Reg Wind/PV Firming
Application Duration
1 hr
Grid Utility
Regional Utility
5 hrs

• Storage enables huge renewables penetration
• Fundamental change in peak/mid/base markets

GEMx battery technology is scalable
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CO2 capture

• First generation capture technologies still too
  expensive
• Membranes could play a key role in meeting cost
  targets

IGCC has an entitlement advantage
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Sequestration of CO2

• Saline formations - layers of porous rock
  saturated with brine
• Contain minerals that can react with injected CO2
  to form solid carbonates
• Estimated 120 year capacity
• Leverages 30 years of EOR experience

Target CostCapture (20) transport (5)
sequester (5) 30/ton
Source DOE
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Liquid fuel alternatives
Key Features
Economics
(/MMBTU)
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Hydrocarbons may be preferred over
ethanol Gasification enables more flexibility
efficiency in feedstocks Biomass co-firing gives
option for lower CO2 electricity
15.7
15.5
FeedStock
CTax
OM
CAPEX
Biomass
Cellulosic
Starch
Coal
Fermentation
Gasification
Oil _at_ 65/bbl15 /MMBTU fuel
Gasification ideal path to greener hydrocarbons
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Looking ahead

• Game-changing technologies coming
• World energy portfolio will become more diverse,
  automated and integrated
• New opportunities and business models will result

and the future is closer than we think