Personality and emotions

1
Personality and emotions

• Chapter 4

2
What is Personality?
4-1
E X H I B I T
3
Personality Traits

• Personality Determinants
• Heredity
• Environment
• Situation

4
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

• Personality Types
• Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)
• Sensing or Intuitive (S or N)
• Thinking or Feeling (T or F)
• Perceiving or Judging (P or J)

5
Sixteen Primary Traits
4-2
E X H I B I T
6
The Big Five Model
7
Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB

• Locus of control
• Machiavellianism
• Self-esteem
• Self-monitoring
• Propensity for risk taking
• Type A personality

8
Locus of Control
9
Machiavellianism

• Conditions Favoring High Machs
• Direct interaction
• Minimal rules and regulations
• Distracting emotions

10
Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring
11
Risk-Taking

• High Risk-taking Managers
• Make quicker decisions.
• Use less information to make decisions.
• Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial
  organizations.
• Low Risk-taking Managers
• Are slower to make decisions.
• Require more information before making decisions.
• Exist in larger organizations with stable
  environments.
• Risk Propensity
• Aligning managers risk-taking propensity to job
  requirements should be beneficial to
  organizations.

12
Personality Types
13
Personality Types
14
Achieving Personality-Job Fit

• Personality Types
• Realistic
• Investigative
• Social
• Conventional
• Enterprising
• Artistic

15
Hollands Typology of PersonalityandCongruent
Occupations
4-3
E X H I B I T
16
Relationships among Occupational Personality Types
4-4
E X H I B I T
17
Emotions- Why Emotions Were Ignored in OB

• The myth of rationality
• Organizations are not emotion-free.
• Emotions of any kind are disruptive to
  organizations.
• Original OB focus was solely on the effects of
  strong negative emotions that interfered with
  individual and organizational efficiency.

18
What Are Emotions?
AffectA broad range of emotions that people
experience.
MoodsFeelings that tend to be less intense than
emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.
EmotionsIntense feelings that are directed at
someone or something.
19
What Are Emotions? (contd)
20
Felt versus Displayed Emotions
21
Emotion Dimensions

• Variety of emotions
• Positive
• Negative
• Intensity of emotions
• Personality
• Job Requirements
• Frequency and duration of emotions
• How often emotions are exhibited.
• How long emotions are displayed.

22
Facial Expressions Convey Emotions
4-5
E X H I B I T
23
Emotion Continuum

• The closer any two emotions are to each other on
  the continuum, the more likely people are to
  confuse them.

4-6
E X H I B I T
24
Gender and Emotions

• Women
• Can show greater emotional expression.
• Experience emotions more intensely.
• Display emotions more frequently.
• Are more comfortable in expressing emotions.
• Are better at reading others emotions.
• Men
• Believe that displaying emotions is inconsistent
  with the male image.
• Are innately less able to read and to identify
  with others emotions.
• Have less need to seek social approval by showing
  positive emotions.

25
External Constraints on Emotions
OrganizationalInfluences
CulturalInfluences
IndividualEmotions
26
OB Applications of Understanding Emotions

• Ability and Selection
• Emotions affect employee effectiveness.
• Decision Making
• Emotions are an important part of the
  decision-making process in organizations.
• Motivation
• Emotional commitment to work and high motivation
  are strongly linked.
• Leadership
• Emotions are important to acceptance of messages
  from organizational leaders.

27
OB Applications of Understanding Emotions

• Interpersonal Conflict
• Conflict in the workplace and individual emotions
  are strongly intertwined.
• Deviant Workplace Behaviors
• Negative emotions can lead to employee deviance
  in the form of actions that violate established
  norms and threaten the organization and its
  members.
• Productivity failures
• Property theft and destruction
• Political actions
• Personal aggression

28
Ability and Selection

• Emotional Intelligence (EI)
• Self-awareness
• Self-management
• Self-motivation
• Empathy
• Social skills
• Research Findings
• High EI scores, not high IQ scores, characterize
  high performers.