Cartographic Materials

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Cartographic Materials

• The Descriptive Cataloguing of Sheet Maps
• Seth Dalby and Joseph Geary
• LIBR 513

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Maps

• Maps are pictures of the world the embody
  changes in artistic depiction, scientific
  enquiry, and the way we view and understand the
  land around us. They are material objects,
  social documents and historical artifacts.
• John Rennie Short, The World Through Maps (11)

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Maps

• Maps are neither mirrors of nature nor neutral
  transmitters of universal truths. They are
  narratives with a purpose, stories with an
  agenda. They contain silences as well as
  articulations, secrets as well as knowledge, lies
  as well as truth. They are biased, partial and
  selective.
• John Rennie Short, The World Through Maps (24)

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Types of Cartographic Material

• Sheet maps
• Globes
• Atlases

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Types of Maps

• Topographic
• Historical
• Religious
• Political

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History of the Bibliographic Control of Maps

• Ancient Times
• Library of Saxony (18th century)
• Herbert Fordhams Hertfordshire map catalogue
  (1901)
• The Classification and Cataloging of Maps and
  Atlases (1945)

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History of the Bibliographic Control of Maps

• AACR1 (1967)
• Chapter 11 Maps, Atlases, Etc.
• ISBD(CM) (1977)
• AACR2 (1978)
• Cartographic Materials A Manual of
  Interpretation for AACR2 (1982)

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History of the Bibliographic Control of Maps

• AACR2R (1988)
• LC Map Cataloging Manual (1991)
• AACR2R 2002 Revision
• Cartographic Materials A Manual of
  Interpretation for AACR2, 2002 Revision (2003)

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Uses of Maps in Archives

• Conducting historical research
• Informing current decision making
• Providing democratic transparency
• Providing insights into the functions and
  activities of record creators

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Main Access Points (M.A.P.s)/Authorship Issues

• AACR2r 21.1A Enter as works of personal
  authorship those in which a personal author
  chiefly responsible for the creation of the
  intellectual or artistic content.

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Main Access Points (M.A.P.s)/Authorship Issues

• 21.1B2 Enter a work emanating from one or more
  corporate bodies under the heading for the
  appropriate corporate body.
• (f) including cartographic materials emanating
  from a corporate body other than a body that is
  merely responsible for their publication or
  distribution.

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Main issues in interpreting authorship rule

• 1. Deciding who is the author when both personal
  and corporate names are given on the item itself.
• Use personal author when made obvious by
  prominent appearance of the personal name
  (typography)
• Use of terms by, cartography by, drawn
  by, and compiled by.
• Source Rockwell, Problem Areas in the
  Cataloging of Sheet Maps.

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Authorship Rule (Contd)

• 2. Determining whether a corporate body is
  responsible for the content or merely the
  publication and distribution.
• If it is hard to determine, consider what is
  known about their publication history, namely
  whether they are known to normally originate or
  issue maps.
• Source Rockwell, Problem Areas in the
  Descriptive Cataloging of Sheet Maps.

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Chief Sources of Information

• a) the cartographic item itself
• b) container
• AACR2R 2002, 3.0B2

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Title and Statement of Responsibility Area

• Maps without titles
• 3.1B4
• 245 10 a Gravity anomaly map of Canada
• Choosing from multiple titles
• Choose title that most clearly reflects the
  contents of the cartographic work, first looking
  for the words in the largest typeface.
• Rockwell, Problem Areas in the Descriptive
  Cataloging of Sheet Maps, (40).

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Mathematical and Other Material Specific Details
Area

• Scale
• Ratios
• 1 63, 360
• Bar scale
• Equivilency/Verbal Scale
• 1 inch to five miles
• Goes into the 255 field, a subfield

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Mathematical and Other Material Specific Details
Area

• Projection
• Goes into the 255 field, b subfield
• Coordinates
• Goes into the 255 field, c subfield

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Mathematical and Other Material Specific Details
Area

• 255 __ a Scale 1 22, 000, 000 b Conic proj.
  c 72--E 148/N 13--N 18)

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Publication, Distribution, Etc., Area

• Maps with no statement of responsibility
• CIA Maps
• Prominently named corporate body distributor and
  not publisher
• 260 __ San Jose, Calif. b HM Gousha a
  S.l. b Distributed by Shell Oil, c 1961.
• Rockwell, Problem Areas in the Descriptive
  Cataloging of Sheet Maps, (49).

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Publication, Distribution, Etc., Area

• Place of publication
• Not stated on map
• Issues relating to date
• Publisher Codes
• Estimating
• Multiple Dates

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Physical Description Area

• Main issue counting and measuring sheet maps
• 3 Map numbering challenges
• (i) Multiple maps on one or both sides of a sheet
• 300 __ a 2 maps on 1 sheet b both sides c 85
  x 43 cm and 104 x 36 cm.

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Physical Description Area

• Main issue counting and measuring sheet maps
• (ii) Segments of a single map on more than one
  sheet
• 300 __ a 1 map on 2 sheets c 25 x 35 cm and 30
  x 35 cm.

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Physical Description Area

• Main issue counting and measuring sheet maps
• (iii) Maps sets
• Can rely on distinctive titles of each rather
  than individual numbering to differentiate them.

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Physical Description Area

• Main issue counting and measuring sheet maps
• Map dimensions
• Not measured by sheet size, but by area within
  neat lines (the lines enclosing the details of
  the map
• Sometimes there are no neat lines image is
  printed to the edge of the sheet or the map is
  oddly shaped with irregular borders.
• 3.5D1 allows measuring of height x width of the
  sheet
• Source Rockwell, Problem Areas in the
  Descriptive Cataloging of Maps.

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Series Area

• Main issues
• Determining if multiple sheets comprise a series
• Determining what kind of series the sheets belong
  to
• Determining how best to catalogue the series
  (collectively or individually)

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Series Area

• Difference between multi-sheet single map, map
  set, and map series
• Multi-sheet single map
• One complete map printed in sections on several
  sheets of paper which may be assembled.
• Map set
• Group of distinctive maps usually published at
  the same time and issued as a folio or bound.
  Usually deal with common themes or geographic
  areas.

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Series Area

• Difference between multi-sheet single map, map
  set, and map series (contd)
• Map series
• A number of maps with individual titles proper
  and a collective title that applies to the group
  as a whole
• Relate to a defined area of the world
• Published sequentially by the same publisher
• Based on a common grid or projection
• Drawn to a common scale
• Using Common symbols
• Source Parker, Cataloging Map Series and
  Serials.

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Series Area

• 5 Types of Map Series
• Contiguous-area-series
• Same-area-different-themes
• Different-areas-common-themes
• Successively numbered or repetitively titled
• Part of book series
• Source Cartographic Materials A Manual of
  Interpretation for AACR2.

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Series Area

• 4 options for cataloguing map series
• Describe the series as a whole (with index for
  individual sheets)
• Describe series as a whole with content note
  (individual sheets listed in note area)
• Describe maps individually including a series
  statement to show the link between them
• Provide a multi-level description identifying
  individual sheets and the series as a whole
• Source Cartographic Materials A Manual of
  Interpretation for AACR2

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Series Area

• Guidelines for determining best cataloguing
  option to use
• Series description as a whole
• If there are a large number of sheets
• If bibliographic access to individual sheets is
  not a high priority
• Individual item description
• If series is monographic
• If the number of sheets is small
• If individual access is deemed to be important

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Series Area

• Guidelines for determining best cataloguing
  option to use (Contd)
• Multi-level description
• When access to both to the whole and individual
  parts is important
• Especially important with contiguous area series
• Source Cartographic Materials A Manual of
  Interpretation for AACR2

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Notes Area

• Used to give additional information that the
  cataloguer thinks will help patrons identify the
  item
• AACR2r provides for 21 additional note types in a
  prescribed order
• e.g. nature and scope of item, source of title,
  existence of additional features, etc.

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Standard Number and Terms of Availability Area

• Give ISBN or ISSN here (other numbers go in a
  note)
• If given, list the price or terms of availability
  (e.g. free for members, for hire, etc)

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Supplementary Items

• 21.28 Describe these as separate items
• Record accompanying material in a separate
  bibliographic record or
• Use a multi-level description or
• In a note or
• Record the name of the accompanying material at
  the end of the physical description

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Facsimiles, photocopies and other reproductions

• Check scale with original in case item has been
  enlarged or reduced. If there has been a change,
  calculate the new scale.
• In describing the item, use information
  pertaining to the copy and list information about
  the original in notes if different

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Future of map librarianship

• Traditional cartography will continue to be used
• Serve functions that cannot be replaced
• Will require contd understanding of traditional
  cataloging rules

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Future of map librarianship

• GIS and remote sensing image cataloging
• Familiarity with technical terminology
• Understanding of geospatial data
• Understanding of FGDC metadata metadata to MARC
  crosswalks

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Future of map librarianship

• Contd digitization of analog maps
• Proper scanning
• Secure electronic systems for authenticity
  reliability of digital information
• Access preservation metadata
• Continuous migration into new formats
• Database management
• Web skills

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Future of map librarianship

• Adaptability
• ability of librarians to absorb new mapping
  technologies
• Expansion of current cataloging rules to
  accommodate technical advancements