Unit Two

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• Unit Two
• What the Internet Cannot Do?

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1. prejudice, bias, intolerance

• --- All these words, arc used to describe the
  unreasonable dislike and distrust of people who
  are different from you in some way.
• Prejudice n --- an unreasonable dislike of or
  preference for a person, group, belief, etc.,
  especially when it is based on their race,
  religion, sex, etc.
• Kids looking for work around here come face to
  face with the prejudices of local employers.
• Unfortunately there is still a great deal of
  prejudice against unmarried mothers.
• A judge must be free from prejudice.

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• prejudice against sb./ sth. ??, ?????,
• prejudice in favor of sb/ sth. ??
• Some Americans have a prejudice against
  foreigners.
• He has a prejudice against lending money, because
  hes afraid he may not be repaid.
• I admit I have a strong prejudice in his favor.
• Jane has a prejudice in favor of his plan.
• Prejudice v.---cause sb to have a prejudice
  prejudice against/ in favor of
• His rudeness of manner prejudiced me against him.
  
• His pleasant voice prejudices me in his favor.

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• Bias n --- a tendency to treat one group of
  people less fairly than another, based on your
  dislike of people whose ideas, beliefs, etc., are
  different from yours.
• Most western history books are written with a
  strong bias against non-European nations.
• The way to avoid bias in newspapers is to try to
  show all sides of the story.

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• Useful expressions
• bias towards bias in favor of
• bias against
• The university has a bias towards/ in favor of/
  against the sciences.
• The pianist has a bias in favor of Chopin.
• v.---?????/ ??
• He was biased against the plan.
• Dont let his insults bias you against her.

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• Intolerance ---unreasonable refusal to accept
  that other people have the right to have beliefs
  or customs that are different from yours.
• Religious intolerance has always been a major
  cause of war.
• The ban on political meetings strongly reflects
  the regime's intolerance of any views other than
  its own.

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2. hostility, objection, opposition, antagonism

• --- These words are all used to describe behavior
  that show that you are against something.
• Hostility --- angry remarks or behavior that show
  someone opposes a plan or idea very strongly.
• Recently there has been hostility towards the
  Prime Minister from members of his own party.
• Given his public hostility, it seemed pointless
  to try and continue with the plan.

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• Objection --- something that you say because you
  oppose one particular detail of a plan, course of
  action, etc.
• My only objection is that the program will be
  very expensive.
• Ronny had no objection of the plan, provided
  Fielding agreed to take most of the
  responsibility.
• Opposition --- used to describe things that an
  organized group of people do over a period of
  time, in order to oppose a plan or idea.
• There was strong opposition to the sale of more
  land to developers.
• Thousands of people gathered in the town's
  stadium to express their opposition to the plan.

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• Antagonism --- used to describe angry and
  unpleasant feelings or behavior that show someone
  dislikes and disagrees very strongly with a
  person, organization, plan or idea. ??, ??
• Their constant and bitter antagonism has made it
  very difficult for us to proceed with the
  project.
• These moves have failed to end the antagonism
  between the leaders of the party and its more
  left-wing members.

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3, acclaim v.

• ---?/ ???,????
• The crowd acclaimed the winner.
• The people acclaimed him king.
• n. ---??,??
• The book was greeted with critical acclaim.
• Einsteins achievements earned him the acclaim of
  the entire scientific community.

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Cf. claim

• ---??,??,??
• claim to inf/ clause
• The scientist claims to have discovered a new
  planet.
• She claims to be a doctor of a large hospital.
• The old man claimed that he saw the accident.
• ---demand or request because one believe it is
  his right or property
• Under the most-favored-nation clause they
  immediately claimed the extra benefits extorted
  (??)by the Americans.
• He claims diplomatic immunity.
• Every citizen is entitled to claim the protection
  of the law

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• ---demand under the insurance policy ??
• Have you claimed (the insurance) yet?
• They claimed for the damage.
• ---??,?????
• Both teams claimed a victory.
• Does anyone claim the suitcase.
• n --- ??, ?? ??, ??
• make a claim for
• His claim to the land is invalid. ???????????

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4, sequence

• ---a group of things arranged in an order, esp.
  following one another in time ???
• New employee had to attend a sequence of
  orientation meeting.
• Professor Wang will give a sequence of lessons on
  one subject.
• The cinema will put on a sequence of films by
  Zhang Yimao.
• ---succession ??,????
• Arrange the names in alphabetical sequence.
• I want you to describe all the events of that
  morning in sequence.
• Please keep the numbered cards in sequence dont
  mix them up.

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• Cf. series ---number of things, events, etc. of
  the same kind esp. placed or occurring one after
  another
• He had attended a series of important committee
  meetings.
• The island was hit by a series of violent
  typhoon.
• They are doing a series of experiment to proof
  their theory.
• ---??, ???, ?? ????
• I am sure that such a series will be a great
  success.
• This publishing firm is planning a new series of
  textbooks.
• Have you watched the TV series? It is wonderful.
• a series of stamp

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5. cf. eradicate, eliminate, root out, stamp out

• --- These words all mean to stop an activity that
  is harmful, illegal, or unacceptable. ??, ??
• Eradicate --- to completely get rid of something
  harmful such as an illness, a social problem, or
  something that causes these things. ??( ??)
• Examples
• The disease has been eradicated from the Western
  World using vaccines.(??)
• The President claims he will have eradicated
  poverty in the country within five years.

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• Eliminate --- to completely get rid of something
  that is unnecessary or unwanted.
• ??(??????????)
• Under the agreement all trade barriers between
  the U.S. and Canada will be eliminated.
• Recent advances in medical science have
  eliminated the need for most patients to spend
  long periods in hospital.
• Root out --- to search for all examples of a
  problem in a very determined way, and completely
  get rid of it. ????
• The new president has promised to root out
  high-level corruption.
• He spent his life trying to root out
  discrimination and prejudice.

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• Stamp out --- to completely stop an illegal or
  harmful activity by making a very determined
  effort.
• ???????,?????
• We are determined to stamp out prostitution in
  this neighborhood.
• The police have introduced new measures to help
  stamp out violence on the city's streets.

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6. cf. guru, counselor, consultant

• Guru --- someone who is highly respected within
  their area of work, and to whom people go for
  advice.
• Peter Drucker, the management guru, has just
  published a new book.
• It soon became apparent that Colin was the guru
  of the whole department.
• Counselor--- adviser, someone who gives
  professional advice to people, especially about
  personal problems.
• I never realized you were so depressed. Have you
  been to see a counselor?
• Each child in the summer camp can see a trained
  counselor if they have any problems.

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• Consultant --- someone who gives special
  technical advice to companies or other
  organizations. (??, ?????)??
• He's left his job as a computer programmer and is
  working as a consultant on language with one of
  the national press agencies.
• Booth is a consultant on language with one of the
  national press agencies.
• a firm of management consultants ??????

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6. enthrall

• --- If something enthrall you, it is to
  interesting, beautiful, etc., that you give it
  all your attention.
• The child watched, enthralled by the bright
  moving images.
• We listened and enthralled as she told us the
  stories of her life in the circus

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7. exuberant

• --- full of unrestrained enthusiasm or joy
• The company's dancers executed (??) an exuberant
  performance confronting social conflicts.
• To feel sad and depressed is an undesirable life
  to feel exuberant and full of zest is the way
  life ought to be lived.

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8. have been around

• ---experience a lot of things
• He has been around a lot. ??????
• Listen, my boy, Ive been around and know one or
  two things about life.
• ????????????????
• Life often makes fun of those who havent been
  around.

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9, Superlative off all

• ---to the highest degree
• Grandest of all, we visited Venice and lived
  there for two weeks. ?????
• Grandest of all the symphony orchestra played
  Chinese symphonic music---Huang He.
• First of all, we must decide where to go/ what to
  do/ whom must be invited.
• She said she wanted most of all to be fair.

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10, declare

• ---formally announce make known clearly
• ??,??, ??
• n.
• The Prime Minister declared his intention in the
  speech.
• The governor declared a state of emergency.
• that clause
• The accused man declared that he was not guilty.
• oc
• The judge declared him innocent.
• declare for/ against ---????/??
• He declares against the proposal.
• The party declared for the reform.
• Cf. claim (No. 3)

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11, thanks to sb/ sth.

• ---because of sb/ sth.
• Thanks to her efforts, the project will be a
  success.
• Thanks to the doctor I am well again.
• Exercises
• 1, ???????,??????????
• 2,??????,??????????????????
• Thanks to the old mans help the poor girl can go
  to school again.
• Thanks to science, we now live a better life than
  our ancestors.

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12. stave off

• --- prevent something bad from affecting you for
  a period of time delay somebody/ something
• We have enough food to stave off hunger pains.
• They tried hard to stave off the vacating the
  house, but to no avail.
• Exercises
• 1, ???????????????.
• 2, ?????????.
• The company managed to stave off bankruptcy for
  another few months.
• Thats their measure to stave off the attack.( to
  stave the attack off)

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14, break-up

• Break up---separate or become separated into
  parts or fragments by breaking
• The ship broke up on the rocks.
• The ice began to break up on the river when
  spring came.
• Break up the whole into parts.
• ---put an end to come to an end
• The meeting broke up at five p.m.
• The police broke up the fight between the two
  gangs.
• Break-up---??, ??
• The break-up of the Soviet Union has a great
  influence on the eastern-European countries.
• The war causes the break-ups of these countries
  relationship.

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15, reduce vt. (1)

• ---make sth smaller in size, number, degree,
  price, etc
• Some fat people try to reduce their weight.
• The price of these shoes has been reduced by 20.
• His income is reduced from 10,000 to 7,000.

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• Useful expression
• Reduce to ---force into
• During the famine many people were reduced to
  eating grasses and leaves.
• Alone and unsupported the old lady was reduced to
  begging for her living.
• ---decomposeto
• reduce rock to dust
• Water can be reduced to hydrogen and oxygen.
• ---consolidate, be brought to ???, ??
• We can reduce his statement to three simple
  facts.
• The bombs reduced the city to ruin.
• We can reduce all the questions to one---we lack
  of fund.

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16. avert

• --- prevent something bad or dangerous from
  happening ??,??
• He did his best to avert suspicion.
• Accidents can be averted by careful driving.

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17,cf. obsolete, out of date, antiquated

• -- All these are words for describing
  old-fashioned machines, equipment, or methods.
• Obsolete --- no longer use, out of date, out of
  fashion
• Large stockpiles of obsolete weapons are to be
  scrapped.
• This model makes all the other cars obsolete
• An obsolete locomotive is exhibited in the
  museum.

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• Out of date ---is used to describe information,
  knowledge, laws, etc., that are no longer useful
  because they belong to the past and have not been
  changed to make them modern. old no longer
  fashionable
• This guide book is five years old it must be
  very out of date.
• Your news about the research on solar energy is
  obviously out of date.
• lot of new words go out of date quickly.

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• Antiquated--- is used to describe something very
  old and old-fashioned and no longer suitable for
  modern use.
• My mother's antiquated old vacuum cleaner still
  works, believe it or not.
• The country's power stations are antiquated and
  10 new ones have to be built.

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18, vulnerable

• --- a person or place that is easy to attack.
  ????,?????
• We are in a vulnerable position here, with the
  enemy on the hill above us.
• His knee was his vulnerable spot.
• She looked so young and vulnerable that he felt a
  great desire to protect her.

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• be vulnerable to---????,?????
• All who have not got injection are vulnerable to
  the disease.
• I am vulnerable to headaches when I am tired.
• He has proved himself vulnerable to bribery.

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19, Dispel

• --- to make something, especially a feeling or
  belief, go away or disappear.
• His speech dispelled any fears about his health.
• The managing director's calm words dispelled the
  clerks' fears for their future with the company
  being cut down.
• He came to the meeting, which dispelled the
  rumors about his illness.

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20, intrinsic

• -- belonging to part of the nature of
  something/somebody
• Intrinsically adv.
• These tasks were repetitive, lengthy and lacking
  any intrinsic interest.
• There is nothing intrinsically wrong with the
  idea.

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21. once and for all

• --- now and for the last time, finally or
  completely
• We need to settle this once and for all.
• You should get rid of this bad habit once and for
  all.
• He would put an end that sort of thing once and
  for all.
• John's back home once and for all he won't go
  away again.

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22, assume v.

• --- take as true without actual proof ??,??
• assume n.
• oc
• clause
• his innocent
• You assume him to be innocent before hearing
  the
• 
  evidence against
• 
  him.
• that he is innocent

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assume (2)

• --- take upon for oneself ??
• He assumed a look of surprise.
• He assumed an air of indifference.
• Water has no shape. It assumes the shape of its
  container.
• --- undertake ????, ??
• He will assume his new duty tomorrow.

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23. cf. advocate, be in favor of

• --- These words can both mean to want a person,
  group, or plan to succeed.
• Advocate --- to support a course of action or way
  of doing something that you yourself have
  suggested speak publicly in support of support
• He advocates giving higher pay for those who work
  harder.
• We do not advocate the use of force to solve the
  problem.
• He was one of the first people in China to
  advocate the spreading of modern science in the
  country.

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Advocate

• ---a person who speaks in favor of sb. or sth.
  ???,???,???
• We Chinese people are advocates of peace.
• She is an advocate of higher salaries for those
  who have more responsibilities.
• They are open advocates of equal pay for men and
  women.

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cf. be in favor of

• --- to support a plan or a suggested course of
  action.
• They are in favor of free trade.
• People are in favor of reform.
• Most U.N. delegates are in favor of the new peace
  plan.
• Although more congressmen voted in favor of the
  legislation than opposed it, it did not become
  law.

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24, flourish

• --- to develop quickly and be common. ??,??,??,??
• Few businesses are flourishing in the present
  economic climate.
• His business is flourishing he has opened two
  more branches in America this year.
• ---grow well
• These plants flourish in a damp climate.
• I hope all of you are flourishing.

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25, murky adj

• .--- dark, dim, or gloomy. ??, ??
• Rain poured down from the murky skies.
• It happened on a murky night, with no moon.
• -- ??, ????
• He had a somewhat murky past.

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26. intervene

• -- become involved in a difficult situation,
  especially a quarrel or a war between other
  people or countries, in order to find an answer
  to the problem, stop the fighting, etc.??
• The referee intervened when two of the players
  began to fight.
• The U.N. was not authorized to intervene in a
  country's internal affairs.

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27, put an end to

• --- stop something, especially so that it never
  starts again
• The police put an end to her ordeal when they
  burst into the house and overpowered her
  kidnapper.
• Amnesty International is an organization whose
  goal is to put an end to oppression and suffering
  throughout the world.