Jason Lucas

1
Overview on the Development and Testing of
the Test and Training Enabling Architecture
(TENA) Middleware, Release 3.0

• Jason Lucas
• Foundation Initiative 2010
• Deputy Technical Project Manager
• 17-18 June 2003

European Simulation Interoperability Workshop 2003
2
Foundation Initiative 2010Project Objectives

• Define a common Architecture for the
  test/training range community called TENA
  (Test Training Enabling Architecture)
• Define a common Object Model to be used across
  the ranges
• Define and build a common Software Middleware
  that will
• Comply with the architecture
• Use the object model
• Build on the HLA
• Enhance interoperability and reuse among the
  ranges
• Common understanding of range processes the
  Logical Range ConOps
• Provides a common understanding to range users
  how logical ranges are created (from the
  integration of range resources), what their
  capabilities are, and how they are utilized,
  operated, and controlled
• Define and prototype common Tools to configure
  and conduct multi-range, synthetic test events or
  training exercises
• Create distributed, synthetic battle-spaces with
  real weapon systems
• Link multiple ranges together to form a larger,
  cohesive range
• Enable testing, assessment, experimentation, and
  training of weapon system interoperability,
  C4ISR, and system-of-systems

3
Overall Development Strategy

• TENA was revised based on user feedback and
  lessons learned from working software prototypes
• TENA will be revised in the future based on
  future prototypes
• TENA is based on real-world tests at real ranges

4
Driving Technical Requirements

• Interoperability
• The characteristic of a suite of
  independently-developed components, applications,
  or systems that implies that they can work
  together, as part of some business process, to
  achieve the goals defined by a user or users.
• Reusability
• The characteristic of a given component,
  application, or system that implies that it can
  be used in arrangements, configurations, or in
  system-of-systems beyond those for which it was
  originally designed.
• Composability
• The ability to rapidly assemble, initialize,
  test, and execute a system from members of a pool
  of reusable, interoperable elements.
• Composability can occur at any scale reusable
  components can be combined to create an
  application, reusable applications can be
  combined to create a system, and reusable systems
  can be combined to create asystem-of-systems.

5
Achieving Interoperability, Reuse, and
Composability

• Interoperability requires
• A common architecture
• An ability to meaningfully communicate
• A common language
• A common communication mechanism
• A physical connection between the two systems
• A common context
• A common understanding of the environment
• A common understanding of time
• A common technical process
• Reuse and Composability require the above, plus
• Well defined interfaces and functionalityfor the
  application to be reused

6
TENA Architecture Overview
7
Ways TENA Middleware CanExchange Data

• TENA presents to the range user a unification of
  several powerful inter-application communication
  paradigms
• Publish/Subscribe
• Similar in effect to HLA, DIS, or other PDU-based
  communication systems
• Each application publishes certain types of
  information (the publication state) which can be
  subscribed to by any other application
• Remote Method Invocation
• Similar to CORBA or Java RMI
• Each object that is published may have methods
  that can be remotely invoked by other
  applications
• Messages
• Individual messages that can be sent from one
  application to one or more other applications
• Data Streams
• Native support for audio, video, and telemetry

8
TENA Meta-Model
9
Key Functionality ofTENA Beyond HLA Summarized
Standard Object Model TENA provides for the
managed evolution of a standardized Object Model
(interfaces, data formats, data definitions,
control commands, etc.) Significance
Range-community-wide agreed upon data formats,
definitions, etc. promotes interoperability to a
greater degree than the HLA specification
High Performance and Reliability TENA Objects are
compiled-in when the application is made
TENA-compliant Significance Higher performance,
plus higher reliability since any errors in data
formats will be discovered during software
compiling (pre-mission) rather than during the
test mission (at run-time)
Support for Data Streams TENA supports real-time
delivery and storage of data stream information
(audio, video, and telemetry) Significance A
substantial amount of test information is
streaming data. Fully integrating data streams
into TENA provides high-performance management of
this type of information in a standard, reusable,
interoperable fashion
Manages Persistent Data TENA provides for the
management and standardization of database
information throughout the range event lifecycle,
including scenario information and data collected
during an exercise Significance
Interoperability is achieved before, during, and
after a range event, leading to easier setup,
initialization, and analysis, saving both time
and money
Support for More Complex, Meaningful,
User-Defined Object Models TENA allows for
objects to be composed of other objects (objects
can contain other objects) Significance Small
building block objects (Time, Position,
Orientation, etc.) can be standardized and reused
to efficiently define other more complex objects,
yielding more interoperability quickly and at
less cost than with the HLA TENA Middleware
marshals/demarshals data, rather than relying on
individual applications to do so Significance
Middleware marshaling makes it easier to
integrate different computer platforms (Windows,
Linux, Sun, etc.) in a distributed test event and
avoid integration errors due to inconsistent
user-written software TENA supports remotely
invoking methods (control commands, operations,
processes) of another application Significance
Software interfaces can be designed more
naturally and effectively for distributed test
events
10
Logical RangeSimple Example

• TENA specifies an architecture for range
  resources participating in logical ranges

Radar
TestControl Station
Simulation
Communication Mechanism (Network, Shared Memory,
etc.)
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Logical RangeSimple Example

• TENA specifies a peer-to-peer architecture for
  logical ranges
• Applications can be both clients and servers
  simultaneously
• In their role as servers, applications serve TENA
  objects called servants
• In their role as clients, applications obtain
  proxies, representing other applications
  servants. Only servers can write to their
  servant objects publication state
• The IKE 2 Middleware, the TENA objects, and the
  users application code are compiled and linked
  together

Radar
TestControl Station
Simulation
Communication Mechanism (Network, Shared Memory,
etc.)
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Clients and ProxiesServers and Servants

• When objects are distributed across multiple
  processes or machines
• One object is the real object the one with
  the implementation
• All the others are proxies

Client Process
Server Process
Proxy Object on Client
Servant Object on Server
Object 27
ClientObject
Remote Interface
RemoteInterfaceImplementation
Publication State
IKE 2
IKE 2
Network
13
TENA Middleware Platform/Language Support

• Release 3.0 Platform Support
• Windows NT 4.0 / 2000 / XP with MSVC 6.0sp5 (to
  be retired)
• Windows NT 4.0 / 2000 / XP with MSVC 7.0
• Linux Red Hat 7.2 with gcc 3.0.3
• Sun Solaris 8 (SunOS 5.8) with gcc 3.0.3
• Additional Platforms To Be Supported
• Sun Solaris 8 with SunPro 5.4 compiler
• SGI IRIX 6.5.12 with gcc 3.0.3 on SGI hardware
• VxWorks 5.5, Motorola MPC7XXX PowerPC, Tornado
  2.2 with gcc 3.0.3
• Programming Language Support
• C support provided with current release
• OCX (COM) wrapper developed by one of the TENA
  users
• Java will be supported in a future release

14
Recent TENA USAGE Range Integration in
Millennium Challenge 2002 (MC02)
15
Recent TENA USAGEVAST/IMPASS Network Connectivity
TENA on NIPRNET
CDSA Dam Neck, VA
Eglin Central Control Facility
TENA on Fiber
TENA on Microwave
Eglin Range Site A-15
CSS Panama City, FL
16
Recent TENA USAGE VAST/IMPASS System Description
Shipboard Processing Map Rendering Virtual Target
Acoustic Processing GPS Communication Link
17
TENA Middleware TestingPerformance
BenchmarkConfigurations
Host 1
Host 2
Cisco Switch
Ethernet
GPS
Host 1 W2K/Linux Dual 1 GHz Processors 768 Mb of
Memory 10/100 NIC Datum DC637PCI GPS BUS Timing
Card (Master) Network Naming Service Execution
Manager
Network Peer-to-Peer Cisco Catalyst EX 2950 Cat
V 100 Mbps
Host 2 W2K/Linux 1 GHz Processor 256 Mb of
Memory 10/100 NIC Datum BC635PCI GPS BUS Timing
Card (Slave) Publisher
Subscriber
Publisher Subscriber
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TENA Middleware TestingPerformance Benchmark
Application

• Host 1 Publisher Constructs Payload
• Host 1 Publisher Records Time
• Host 1 Publisher Updates Publication State
• Host 2 Subscriber Receives Discovery/State
  Change Callback
• Host 2 Subscriber Extracts Publication State
• Host 2 Subscriber Records Time
• Host 2 Subscriber Writes Data to Disk at the
  End of Test

Host 1
Host 2
Publisher
Subscriber
Subscriber Client
Publisher Servant
Remote Interface
RemoteInterfaceImplementation
TSPI Publication State
TENA Middleware R3
TENA Middleware R3
Network
19
TENA Middleware Testing Stand-Alone
LinuxEvokeMultipleCallbacks Data
20
TENA Middleware Testing Peer-to-Peer
LinuxEvokeMultipleCallbacks Data
21
TENA Middleware Testing Stand-Alone
W2KEvokeMultipleCallbacks Data
22
TENA Middleware Testing Peer-to-Peer W2K
EvokeMultipleCallbacks Data
23
TENA Middleware Testing Performance
BenchmarkMulti-Node Configuration
FIDELPC01
W2K Dual 800 MHz Processors 528 Mb of Memory GPS
(Slave) Subscriber
FIDELPC06
FIDELPC05
W2K Dual 800 MHz Processors 528 Mb of Memory GPS
(Slave) Subscriber
Cisco Switch
W2K Dual 1 GHz Processors 768 Mb of Memory GPS
(Master) Network Naming Service Execution
Manager Publisher
FIDELPC11
W2K Single 1 GHz Processor 768 Mb of Memory GPS
(Slave) Subscriber
24
TENA Middleware Testing Multi-Node
DataFIDELPC01
25
TENA Middleware Testing Multi-Node
DataFIDELPC05
26
TENA Middleware Testing Multi-Node
DataFIDELPC11
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TENA Middleware Testing PingPong Conops

• Host 1 Pinger Constructs Payload
• Host 1 Pinger Records Time
• Host 1 Pinger Updates Pinger Publication State
• Host 2 Ponger Receives Pinger State Change
  Callback
• Host 2 Ponger Extracts Pinger Publication State
• Host 2 Ponger Updates Ponger Publication State
• Host 1 Pinger Receives Ponger State Change
  Callback
• Host 1 - Pinger Records Time
• Host 1 - Pinger Writes Data to Disk at the End of
  Test

Host 1
Ponger
Pinger
Pinger Proxy
Ponger Servant
Pinger Servant
Ponger Proxy
Remote Interface
Remote Interface
Remote Interface
Remote Interface
RemoteInterfaceImplementation
RemoteInterfaceImplementation
Cache of Publication State
Cache of Publication State
Publication State
Publication State
TENA Middleware R3
Network
28
TENA Middleware Testing PingPong Benchmark
String Peer-to-Peer W2K Data
- evokeMultipleCallbacks
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TENA Middleware Testing Char Vector
Peer-to-Peer W2K Data
- evokeMultipleCallbacks
30
TENA Middleware Testing ULong Vector
Stand-Alone W2K Data
- evokeMultipleCallbacks
31
Gateways

• Gateways provide a means of bridging TENA systems
  to non-TENA systems
• Gateways are TENA applications, but may also
  conform to other architectures
• The most important gateways will bridge TENA to
  the HLA and to C4ISR systems

TENA Gateway
Other Middleware
TENA Middleware
Application O-1
TENA Application T-1
TENA LROM Objects
Network
Other Objects
Network
Translator
Application O-2
TENA Application T-2
Application O-3
TENA Application T-3
Application O-4
TENA Application T-4
32
TENA Compliancy Levels
33
Gradual Deployment of TENA
New TENA Application
Existing Range Application
Existing Range Application
Existing Range Application
Other sites
Now
Range Protocols
Existing Range Application
Existing Range Application
Existing Range Application
34
TENA Internationally

• Requests to download the TENA software have come
  from Allied / Coalition Nations
• UK
• Canada
• France
• Germany
• Australia
• Denmark
• TENA is presently in the export approval process
• Approval expected this year
• Development of Standard Object Models is being
  coordinated internationally
• Weibel Radar (Denmark) engineers participating in
  Radar OM definition

35
Training Courses Available

• TENA Overview Course (TOC)
• Designed for the non-programmer
• Provides basic familiarization on TENA and
  Logical Ranges
• Typically 1 day in length (half day two hour
  versions are available)
• Lecture format
• Technical Introduction Course (TIC)
• Designed for the programmer
• Introduces design concepts to build
  TENA-compliant applications
• Typically 1 day in length
• Lecture format
• Hands-on Training (HOT)
• Designed for the programmer
• Provides several examples class exercises to
  learn the TENA Middleware API
• Typically 1 week in length
• Computer classroom format