Jeopardy

1
pGLO Lab
QDFT
Lab Equipment
DNA Replication
DNA
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Structure of DNA 100

• State the three components of a nucleotide.

Answer
3
Answer

• 5-carbon sugar (Deoxyribose)
• Phosphate
• Nitrogenous base

Back to the Board
4
Structure of DNA 200

• Describe where the hydrogen bonds are located in
  a DNA molecule. Where are the hydrogen bonds in
  mRNA?

Answer
5
Answer

• Connect the nitrogenous bases (rungs of a ladder)
• mRNA has no hydrogen bonds

Back to the Board
6
Structure of DNA 300

• Describe what is meant by antiparallel.

Answer
7
Answer

• Each strand of a DNA molecule is oriented in an
  opposite fashion
• One side goes 5-3the other goes 3-5

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8
Structure of DNA 400

• If a cell has 20 Adenine, then how much Guanine
  does it have?

Answer
9
Answer

• 30

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10
Structure of DNA 500

• Explain (in chemical terms) why DNA separates
  when heated to 94 degrees C rather than being
  destroyed.

Answer
11
Answer

• H- bonds are weaker than covalent. Therefore the
  backbone of the DNA molecule remains in tact.
• See Phosphodiester bonding!

Back to the Board
12
Lab Equipment 100

• The name of the device seen here is

Answer
13
Answer

• Inoculating loop

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14
Lab Equipment 200

• This will sterilize lab tools.

Answer
15
Answer

• Autoclave

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16
Lab Equipment 300

• Describe the setup of the electrophoresis chamber.

Answer
17
Answer

• Agarose gel submerged in a buffer liquid
• Electrodes create a current across the gel

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18
Lab Equipment 400

• Describe the contents of a nutrient agar petri
  dish and tell how it is made.

Answer
19
Answer

• Everything a bacterial colony needs to thrive
  carbohydrates, amino acids, minerals, lipids
• Dissolve powder into flask, heat until boiling,
  pour into petri dish

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20
Lab Equipment 500

• Describe in words how to properly operate a
  micropipette. What units of measure do the
  micropipettes show?

Answer
21
Answer

• Attach a sterile tip
• Push down to the first stopping point
• Submerge in liquid
• Release plunger
• Deposit liquid by pushing to extreme bottom stop

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22
DNA Replication 100

• What is the enzyme that joins the Okazaki
  fragments together on the lagging strand?

Answer
23
Answer

• Ligase

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24
DNA Replication 200

• What do forks and bubbles have to do with DNA
  replication?

Answer
25
Answer

• A bubble represents bi-directional replication
• A fork is the split strands of DNA.

Back to the Board
26
DNA Replication 300

• Why are Okazaki fragments needed?

Answer
27
Answer

• DNA polymerase can only work in a 5-3 direction.

Back to the Board
28
DNA Replication 400

• What must be in place in order for DNA polymerase
  to do its job?
• What molecule put this item in place?

Answer
29
Answer

• RNA primers
• RNA Primase (polymerase)

Back to the Board
30
DNA Replication 500

• Describe two main differences between prokaryotic
  and eukaryotic DNA replication.

Answer
31
Answer

• (1) Proks much faster
• (2) Euks have many different sites of origin --
  bi-directional

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32
QDFT 100

• What are three differences between DNA RNA?

Answer
33
Answer

• U instead of T
• Single vs. double
• Ribose instead of Deoxyribose

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34
QDFT 200

• From what organism is the GFP gene taken?

Answer
35
Answer

• Jellyfish

Back to the Board
36
QDFT 300

• What does PCR do?

Answer
37
Answer

• Makes many copies of a segment of DNA

Back to the Board
38
QDFT 400

• Why would adding a single base to a segment of
  DNA be potentially harmful?

Answer
39
Answer

• Shifting the codons of mRNA in one location will
  alter the Amino acids that follow

Back to the Board
40
QDFT 500

• What is a genetic vector?

Answer
41
Answer

• Used to transport a specific gene. (Virus,
  plasmid, etc.)

Back to the Board
42
pGLO Transformation Lab 100

• What is the organism we used for this lab?

Answer
43
Answer

• E. coli

Back to the Board
44
pGLO Transformation Lab 200

• List three characteristics that are good for an
  organism to have for this experiment.

Answer
45
Answer

• Replicates fast
• Safe (non-virulent)
• Readily transforms
• Can express changes we are looking for

Back to the Board
46
pGLO Transformation Lab 300
Answer

• List the three genes found on the pGLO plasmid
  and the protein for which they encode.

Answer
47
Answer

• BLA? Beta Lactamase
• ARAC ? regulatory protein
• GFP ? Green Florescent Protein

Back to the Board
48
pGLO Transformation Lab 400

• Describe the four different agar plates set up in
  this lab and tell ideal results.

Answer
49
Answer

• LB plate (-) lawn of growth
• LB/AMP (-) no growth
• LB/AMP () few colonies
• LB/AMP/ARA ()
• few colonies glow green under UV lights

Back to the Board
50
pGLO Transformation Lab 500

• What is the name of the method used to transform
  our bacteria?

Answer
51
Answer

• Heat
• shock

Back to the Board
52
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53
Grab Bag
Numbers
Translation
Operons
Transcription
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54
Transcription 200

• What molecule unzips the DNA?

Answer
55
Answer

• RNA polymerase

Back to the Board
56
Transcription 400

• Transcribe the following DNA sequenceTAGACTAAA

Answer
57
Answer

• AUCUGAUUU

Back to the Board
58
Transcription 600

• What form of DNA would be most easily transcribed?

Answer
59
Answer

• Loosely condensed chromatin

Back to the Board
60
Transcription 800

• Where and how does mRNA splicing take place?

Answer
61
Answer

• In the nucleus (spliceosome)
• Removes introns / makes an exon-only strand of
  mRNA

Back to the Board
62
Transcription 1000

• How does RNA polymerase know where to begin
  transcription?

Answer
63
Answer

• Will look for the start sequence
• DNA TAC
• mRNA -- AUG

Back to the Board
64
Translation 200

• Make the anticodons for this DNA sequence
  AGGTCC.

Answer
65
Answer

• AGGUCC

Back to the Board
66
Translation 400

• How are tRNA and rRNA made?

Answer
67
Answer

• Same as mRNA just transcribed form DNA in the
  nucleus!

Back to the Board
68
Translation 600

• Describe the arrangement of a charged tRNA
  molecule.

Answer
69
Answer

• It will have a t shape and contain an anticodon
  at one end, and an amino acid at the other.

Back to the Board
70
Translation 800

• If translation results in the production of
  polypeptides, then why is it good to occur near,
  or on, the rough ER?

Answer
71
Answer

• Polypeptides will enter the rough ER and be
  modified into the big, important proteins we need.

Back to the Board
72
Translation 1000

• If there are only ____ amino acids, then how do
  you account for the 1000s of proteins found in
  nature?

Answer
73
Answer

• Each protein is made of a different sequence of
  amino acids. They arrange themselves differently.

Back to the Board
74
Operons 200

• Define operon as it relates to molecular genetics.

Answer
75
Answer

• A pathway of gene regulation.

Back to the Board
76
Operons 400

• What is a repressor in gene regulation? In our
  lab it was called a regulator protein.

Answer
77
Answer

• A device (usually a protein) that disallows
  transcription to occur

Back to the Board
78
Operons 600

• Why would a bacterium benefit from having an
  operon?

Answer
79
Answer

• Does not waste energy

Back to the Board
80
Operons 800

• Why incorporate an operon into a genetically
  modified organism such as our transformed E. coli?

Answer
81
Answer

• So it cant really express the modification
  outside experimental conditions.

Back to the Board
82
Operons 1000

• What are some other operons that might exists for
  humans?

Answer
83
Answer

• Digestive examples
• Hormone regulation
• Etc., etc.

Back to the Board
84
Numbers 200

• How many Amino acids?

Answer
85
Answer

• 20

Back to the Board
86
Numbers 400

• How many codons in a piece of mRNA with 36 bases?

Answer
87
Answer

• 12

Back to the Board
88
Numbers 600

• Direction of DNA polymerase?

Answer
89
Answer

• 5 to 3

Back to the Board
90
Numbers 800

• A point mutation represents a mutation of
  ________ bases.

Answer
91
Answer

• Conjugation

Back to the Board
92
Numbers 1000

• How many bases per second can E. coli
  replicate?

Answer
93
Answer

• 1000

Back to the Board
94
Grab Bag 200

• The number of essential amino acids?

Answer
95
Answer

• 10

Back to the Board
96
Grab Bag 400

• What is meant by sterile technique in the lab?

Answer
97
Answer

• Proceeding with sterile instruments and areas for
  uncontaminated results and safety.

Back to the Board
98
Grab Bag 600
Answer

• Define recombinant DNA.

Answer
99
Answer

• Altering genes to obtain a desired product.
  Usually form two different organisms.

Back to the Board
100
Grab Bag 800

• How does UV radiation damage DNA?

Answer
101
Answer

• Can cause the formation of pyrimidine dimers.

Back to the Board
102
Grab Bag 1000

• Whats our class motto?

Answer
103
Answer

• DNA? RNA? Protein ? Trait

Back to the Board
104
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can bet it all or any part of it. If you you
have less than a thousand dollars you may bet
up to one thousand. But be careful, if you
answer incorrectly you will lose the amount
which you wagered.
DailyDouble
105
DailyDouble
Here is your chance to double your money. You
can bet it all or any part of it. If you you
have less than a thousand dollars you may bet
up to one thousand. But be careful, if you
answer incorrectly you will lose the amount
which you wagered.
DailyDouble