ENGLISH:

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ENGLISH

• IS THE VIRUS SPREADING?

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INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH

• English is spreading to other languages.
• A good example of this is the aviation industry.
• English has become increasingly important because
  of the importance of America as a super power
  particularly since the world wars.
• It is seen, particularly by the youth, as being
  hip because of the influence of Hollywood and
  western artists

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ENGLISH IN FRENCH

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vYXpUEalMvIg
• The French believe that English loanwords
  continue to threaten their beloved mother tongue
  despite the Académie Française
• Words such as le weekend and fast food are
  just the beginning as French people begin to take
  words without adding French pronunciation.
• The government terminology commissions
  publishes a monthly lists of official new words
  which are deemed acceptable.
• Some French translations of English terms have
  not caught on some we keep some we spit out

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ENGLISH IN GERMAN

• Denglish owes its existence in part to the
  cultural predominance of English language pop
  music, computer slang and to the use of English
  as the lingua franca of politics, business and
  science.
• Well known examples include dissen joggen but
  other examples include those not usually seen in
  England such as DJane
• There has been much irritation at the spread of
  Denglish and calls for Laws against it.
• Proposal for an Academy for the Cultivation and
  Protection of the German Language

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Our Investigation

• We were interested to find to what extent German
  and French was being infiltrated by English
• We decided to discover this by seeing how much
  these languages were understandable English
  speakers because of the emergence of English
  words
• We found examples of text in both languages from
  youth magazines and from more high-brow
  magazines.
• We then asked people to highlight words they
  recognised as being derived from English and give
  a brief summary

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RESULTS - French
  Elle1 Elle2 Elle3 Average Le Monde1 Le Monde2 Le Monde3 Average
a 3.8 1.1 1.9 2.26667 0 0 2.2 0.733333
b 3 4 0 2.33333 0 2.3 0 0.766667
c 4.5 4.5 2.2 3.73333 0 2.3 2.2 1.5
d 5.3 2.3 2.2 3.26667 0 2.3 2.2 1.5
e 3 4 1.9 2.96667 0 2.3 0 0.766667
f 5.3 5.1 3.4 4.6 1.2 4.5 2.2 2.633333
g                
h 5.3 4.5 3.4 4.4 0 0 2.2 0.733333
i 3 2.8 3 2.93333 0 2.3 2.2 1.5
j 2.3 4 1.9 2.73333 0 0 2.2 0.733333
Average 3.9444 3.5889 2.2111 3.24815 0.13333333 1.7777778 1.71111111 1.207407
                 
Control 5.3 5.1 3.4 4.6 1.2 4.5 2.2 2.633333
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RESULTS - German
  Bravo1 Bravo2 Bravo3 Average Spiegel1 Spiegel2 Spiegel3 Average
a 6.8 3.6 5.3 5.233333 5.1 0 0 1.7
b 8.5 4.1 3 5.2 7.7 0 0 2.566667
c 6 3.6 3 4.2 7.7 0 0 2.566667
d 5.1 6.7 4.1 5.3 7.7 0 0 2.566667
e 6.8 7.8 4.1 6.233333 7.7 0 0 2.566667
f 6 6.2 5.3 5.833333 10.3 0 0 3.433333
g 6 8.8 7.1 7.3 7.7 0 0 2.566667
h 3.4 1.6 0 1.666667 0 0 0 0
i 6.8 7.3 5.9 6.666667 7.7 0 0 2.566667
j 4.3 5.7 4.7 4.9 7.7 0 0 2.566667
Average 5.97 5.54 4.25 5.25333 6.93 0 0 2.31
                 
Control 8.5 8.8 7.1 8.1333 10.3 0 0 3.4333
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ANALYSIS OF RESULTS - German

• Bravo youth magazine
• Der Spiegel Political magazine
• Bravo Actual of English words 8.1
• people perceived as English only 5.1 of the
  words
• Why? Obvious words such as Hit and Online
• Der Spiegel - Actual of English words 3.4
• people perceived as English only 2.31 of the
  words
• Much fewer English words in Der Spiegel than in
  Bravo reflecting that the youth adopt more
  Anglicisms than the Adult population

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ANALYSIS OF RESULTS French

• Elle Girl Fashion magazine
• Le Monde national newspaper
• Elle Actual of English words 4.6, half as
  much as German (8.1)
• However people still perceived as English only
  3.2 again due to obvious words
• Le Monde contained very few Anglicisms
• Actual of English words 2.6
• People perceived only 1.2
• Still, Le Monde seems to contain fewer
  Anglicisms that Der Spiegel

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• When asked to explain articles, average scores
  were
• Elle 2.1/5, 2.4/5
• Le Monde 1.0/5
• Bravo 1.1/5 , 1.4/5
• Der Spiegel 1.0/5
• This confused us, so

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• Harrys Experiment
• because Prince Charles has big ears, many
  people find his appearance amusing
• Fo Prince Charles blatt ipp yarog zwitji, zim
  pinsyrik ljxta lin dooblax zftsit (french order)
• Fo Prince Charles zwitji yarog blatt, ljxta zim
  pinsyrik lin dooblax zftsit (german order)

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REFLECTION IS THIS INFLUENCE BAD OR GOOD?
Are other languages becoming more efficient?
Globalisation
Are we ruining the purity of other languages?
Is this a natural process?
Are we going to end up with one language?
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LIMITATIONS

• We were only able to sample 10 non-speakers for
  each language clearly this sample size is
  insufficient.
• Everyone we asked had knowledge of other
  languages, which may have helped them and given
  them an advantage in the task.
• The articles are not very representative
• The articles did not cover the same subject
  matter, so the two were not strictly comparable
• The high-brow topics were harder to understand.
• Some people highlighted words which were in the
  language originally.

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Conclusion

• The youth, and media targeted towards youth use
  more English language than those magazines or
  newspapers we used to represent media aimed at
  adults.
• This was true of both languages,
• The German extracts contained far more English
  than the French extracts
• A slightly baffling result of our investigation
  was that we found that people were more
  successful at giving summaries of the French
  articles than of the German ones.

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Evaluation

• If we were to do this investigation more
  thoroughly we would
• Take far longer
• Asking far more people to complete our
  questionnaire
• Ideally these would also be monolingual English
  speakers
• Choose more similar texts

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Something to think about

• On the one hand, the impact of English on other
  languages has been pretty disastrous in places -
  like all major languages which have travelled
  around the world. On the other hand, as we see
  English spreading, we see it beginning to reflect
  local cultural practices. When people adopt
  English they immediately adapt it. So there is a
  case for saying that cultural variation is being
  maintained, but in new ways. David Crystal