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Third Wave Feminism

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Title: Third Wave Feminism


1
Third Wave Feminism
2
Third Wave Feminism
  • Third Wave Feminism emerged into North American
    public consciousness in the early 1990s
  • Expressed criticism the second wave feminists
    were too dogmatic and too limited in scope

3
Feminism on Campus
  • During the 1980s feminist theory became driving
    concern in many disciplines in the humanities
  • This interest was spurred on by the development
    of interdisciplinary Womens and Cultural Studies
    programs, and Campus Womens Centers
  • Drawing on linguistic and postmodern theory,
    expanded the vocabulary of feminist issues

4
French Feminist theory
  • Julia Kristeva was critical of the idea of a
    feminine voice and advocated multiple sexual
    identities
  • Luce Irigaray uses psychoanalytic theory to
    challenge male dominance in society that can be
    overcome with feminine writing
  • Tends to be dense and theoretical but has an
    incredible influence on academic culture

5
bell hooks (1952-)
  • Focuses on the interconnectivity of race, class,
    and gender
  • Although an academic, argues against the
    elitist character of academic feminist theory
  • Argues that feminism pays too little attention to
    race and class paying too much attention to the
    needs of middle class white women

6
Judith Butler (1956-)
  • American academic feminist, argued in her book
    Gender Trouble that gender and sex are
    performative acts not identities
  • following Foucault argued that the choices of
    gender roles are constructed by regulatory
    discourses
  • Argued against feminism that advocated two sexes
    only

7
  • In her 1991 book Backlash Susan Faludi argued
    that American popular culture demonized feminism
    in an attempt to curb the advances women had made

8
Naomi Wolf the Beauty Myth
  • "The more legal and material hindrances women
    have broken through, the more strictly and
    heavily and cruelly images of female beauty have
    come to weigh upon us... More women have more
    money and power and scope and legal recognition
    than we have ever had before but in terms of how
    we feel about ourselves physically, we may
    actually be worse off than our unliberated
    grandmothers."

9
Clarence Thomas/Anita Hill
In July 1991 US President George Bush nominates
Clarence Thomas as second African American
Supreme Court Justice. Thomas confirmation was
controversial from the start because he was a
strong conservative, who was critical of
affirmative action and rumored to be against
Roe v. Wade which legalized abortion
At his confirmation hearing, his former assistant
Anita Hill testified that that she was repeatedly
sexually harassed by Thomas. Another witness
testified to the same treatment. The media picked
up on the story and brought the issue of sexual
harassment to a national and global audience
10
Rebecca Williams
  • Let Thomas confirmation serve to remind you, as
    it did me, that the fight is far from over. Let
    this dismissal of a womans experience move you
    to anger. Turn that outrage into political power.
    Do not vote for them unless they work for us. Do
    not have sex them with them, do not break bread
    with them, do not nurture them if they dont
    prioritize our freedom to control our bodies and
    our lives. I am not a post-feminist feminist. I
    am the Third Wave.

11
Violence against women
  • Third wave feminists also
  • In 1994 the American congress passed the Violence
    Against Women Bill

12
  • In 1991, a mens group in Montreal began the
    White Ribbon Campaign as a response to the Dec.
    1989 massacre of 14 women at The Ecole
    Polytechnique in Montreal
  • It has since evolved into an international event

13
Abortion debate
14
Riot Grrrl!
  • A movement of young women devoted to activism
    using music and zines to share their ideas
  • Emphasis on individuality of expression and
    inclusiveness
  • Builds upon the aesthetic of punk rock and
    independence from corporate culture with bands
    like Bikini Kill and Bratmobile

15
issues
  • Gender
  • Sexuality
  • Sexism
  • AIDS
  • The environment

16
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