CS 477 Grid Computing

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CS 477 Grid Computing

• Group One
• Olivia Stella
• Kevin Phillips
• Dwight Clarke

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Chapter One

• Grids in Context

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Grids in Context

• Grids are fractal
• Chicago example
• Needs to be understood by considering total
  transformation of the West
• Onion Field to Metropolis
• Artifact of emergence of an infrastructure

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Grid on Steroids

• Effect of Railroads in the West
• Like Grids with internet
• All aspects are exponential
• Microprocessors
• Bandwidth
• Fiber
• Disk Storage
• Grid Massive Change
• Large Scale
• Not much time to react

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From Networks to the Grid

• ARPANET backbone of the grid
• Developed in the 1970s by the DoD
• Developed important protocols
• TCP/IP
• Packet Switching
• Federal Government, Huge Influence
• Funding for internet gave it a running start
• TeraGrid (2002)
• Updated example given in text
• Links five major super computing sites

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Who Will Use the Grid?

• Computational scientists engineers
• Visualize applications in real time
• Corporations
• Allows company to form collaborative teams and
  combine resources
• Environment
• Researchers can form large collaborative groups
• Integration of detailed models in research work
• Education
• Nations
• Consumers

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Chapter Two

• Scientific Imperative

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New Modes of Scientific Inquiry

• Data-Intensive Science
• Monitoring of Industrial Equipment
• Environmental / Earth observation
• Medicine
• Simulation-Based Science
• Supercomputers
• DNA bases
• Remote Access to Experimental Apparatus
• New technology high speed networks allow
  integration with grid

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Virtual Community Science

• Grid middleware enables coordinated resource
  sharing and problem solving in a dynamic,
  multi-institutional organization

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Investing in New Infrastructure

• World Governments realize importance
• United Kingdom
• eScience program (2001)
• 120 million pounds spent
• Tasked with identifying elements of generic grid
  middleware stack
• United States
• National Science Foundation
• Inventory and explore advances in computer
  technology
• Cyberinfrastructure
• Virtual Organizations

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Chapter Three

• Industrial Imperative

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Evolution of Technology

• Two stages
• Development
• Mass Adoption
• Better technology leads it to be more obscure
• Complexity hidden user enjoy its benefits

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Information Technology

• Information Technology, like electricity and
  automobiles, is fast approaching its own
  post-technology phase. A time when the
  application will be dominant and technology will
  sink into background of our lives and integrated
  into society.

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Efficiency

• Same challenge on smaller scale
• Similar to earlier times with Mainframes
• Solution Virtualization
• Enabled people to share an expensive resource
• Increased efficiency is the reason so many are
  turning to open Grid Protocol

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Chapter Four

• Concepts Architecture

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Virtual Organization the Grid

• Statement of the Grid Problem
• Defined as a controlled and coordinated resource
  sharing resource use in dynamic, scalable
  virtual organizations.
• Scenarios given on pg 38-39
• Define Virtual Organization (pg 40)
• Enable disparate groups of organizations /or
  individuals to share resources in a controlled
  fashion, so that members may collaborate to
  achieve a shared goal.

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Grid Architecture

• Top to Bottom (pg 47)
• Tools Application User applications
• Directory brokering, diagnostics monitoring
  Collective services
• Secure access to resources services Resource
  connectivity protocols
• Diverse resources (computers, storage media,
  networks sensors) - Fabric

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Grid Community

• Global Grid Forum (GCF)
• Multiplied more than ten times since 1998
• Consists of over 400 delegates from 50 countries
• Thrice-yearly meeting to define technical
  specifications form research groups
• Surge of Interest
• Need of scientific community
• For more effective large-scale integration