The PostPC Era: Its All About Services

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The Post-PC EraIts All About Services

• Randy H. Katz
• The United Microelectronics Corporation
  Distinguished Professor
• Computer Science Division, EECS Department
• University of California, Berkeley
• Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA
• randy_at_cs.Berkeley.edu

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Presentation Outline

• Convergence, Divergence, Competition
• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
• Services-Enabled Networks
• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
• Summary and Conclusions

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Presentation Outline

• Convergence, Divergence, Competition
• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
• Services-Enabled Networks
• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
• Summary and Conclusions

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Evolution of the Computer
Red Herring, 10/99
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Evolution of the Computer
Proliferation of diverse end devices and access
networks
Red Herring, 10/99
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After the PC

• Not about gadgets or access technologies
• About services and applications
• Increasing, not decreasing, diversity
• Enabled by computing embedded in communications
  fabric

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The Shape of Things Now

• Siemens SL45
• A cellular phone with voice command, voice
  dialing, intelligent text for short messages
• An MP3 player headset
• A digital voice recorder
• Supports Mobile Internet with a built-in WAP
  Browser
• Can store
• 45 minutes of music
• 5 hours of voice notes
• Unlimited addresses/phone numbers

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Presentation Outline

• Convergence, Divergence, Competition
• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
• Services-Enabled Networks
• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
• Summary and Conclusions

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Network Cloud
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Regional Nets Backbone
Regional Net
Regional Net
Regional Net
Backbone
Regional Net
Regional Net
Regional Net
LAN
LAN
LAN
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Backbones NAPs ISPs
ISP
ISP
ISP
NAP
ISP
NAP
Backbones
Business ISP
Consumer ISP
Dial-up
LAN
LAN
LAN
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Core Networks Access Networks
DSLAlways on
Cable Head Ends
_at_home
Covad
Core Networks
ISP
NAP
Cingular
NAP
Satellite Fixed Wireless
Sprint
AOL
Cell
Cell
Cell
Dial-up
LAN
LAN
LAN
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Computers Inside the Core
DSLAlways on
Cable Head Ends
_at_home
Covad
ISP
NAP
Cingular
NAP
Satellite Fixed Wireless
Sprint
AOL
Cell
Cell
Cell
Dial-up
LAN
LAN
LAN
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New Internet Services Business Model
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Presentation Outline

• Convergence, Divergence, Competition
• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
• Services-Enabled Networks
• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
• Summary and Conclusions

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Services Within the Network Content Distribution
Internet Grid
Parallel Network Backbones Internet Exchange
Points
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Services in the InternetNapster, Gnutella,
Freenet,

• Something more than illegally sharing RIPd music
  and videos from CDs and DVDs
• Cooperative construction of directories
• Peer-to-peer computing vs. client-server
  computing
• No centralized index/performance hot spot/target
  for denial of service attack, etc.
• BUT existing chatty implementations generate a
  lot of network traffic
• Technologies will evolve for efficient sharing of
  information within communities
• E.g., Lotus Notes, newsgroups, etc.
• Linking library catalogs together

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Services Within the NetworkStreaming Media
Broadcasters
Clients
Steve McCanne
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Service-Level PeeringVia Redirection

• Need common architecture to allow different
  vendors to create different components and work
  with one another while still competing
• The challenges
• Define the redirection architecture
• New client/infrastructure protocol API (a la
  DNS)
• Do so in backward compatible way
• Others
• One of the next big architectural issues for the
  Internet

McCanne, FFNets
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Enabled by Application-Specific Overlay Networks

• E.g., solve the multicast management and peering
  problems by moving up the protocol stack

Isolated multicast clouds
Traditional unicast peering
Steve McCanne
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Application-Level Servers/Routers

• Solve the multicast management and peering
  problems by moving up the protocol stack

Steve McCanne
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The Service Stack
Applications
End Host
End host Services
TCP service
End-to-end argument here
Network Services
IP service
Router
Steve McCanne
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The Service Stack
Applications
End Host
End host Services
TCP service
DNS stub
Infrastructure Services
Overlay
DNS
Network Services
IP service
Router
Steve McCanne
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The Service Stack
Applications
End Host
End host Services
TCP service
DNS stub
Infrastructure Services
Overlay
Cache Services
Proxy Services
DNS
Network Services
IP service
Router
Steve McCanne
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The Service Stack
Applications
End Host
End host Services
TCP service
DNS stub
redirection
Infrastructure Services
Overlay
Cache Services
Proxy Services
DNS
Network Services
IP service
Router
Steve McCanne
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Service Elements for Internet Broadcast
Applications
End Host
End host Services
TCP service
DNS stub
redirection stub
Infrastructure Services
Overlay
Broadcast
Redirection
DNS
Network Services
IP and Scoped IP Multicast
Router
Steve McCanne
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Presentation Outline

• Convergence, Divergence, Competition
• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
• Services-Enabled Networks
• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
• Summary and Conclusions

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The iMode Story

• 21 million Internet-capable cellular phone
  subscribers
• NTTDoCoMo has become the worlds largest ISP!
• Most frequent used applications
• Voice conversations
• Text messages
• Animated cartoons
• Specialized ringing tones
• Japanese teenagers, especially females, driving
  the competitive development of new services!

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Huge Expense of New Telecomms Infrastructures

• Auctions for 3G spectrum 150 billion
  ECUCapital outlays may match spectrum expenses,
  all before first revenue
• Build it, but will they come?
• Compelling services make the difference
• Alternative business model
• Collaborative deployment of wireless
  infrastructure
• Competitive provisioning of services
• Better way to build a network?
• Partition frequencies based on subscriber density
• Eliminate duplicate antenna sites
• Leverage common backhaul networks

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Application Services in the Mobile Wireless
Network

• Enabling more user-centered/adaptive apps
• User preference management services
• Application coordination services
• Context-awareness services
• Content-localization services
• Mobility-model extraction services
• Content adaptation to access network performance
• Content adaptation to access client capabilities
• Storage migration in response to user mobility
• Special about mobile wireless?
• Exploitation of location and mobility
• Resource constrained nature of wireless
  environment

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Infrastructure Services in the Mobile Wireless
Network

• Forming dynamic confederations
• Discovering confederates, establishing trust
• Open service/resource allocation model
• Service creation, establishment, placement
• Exchange resources, capabilities, status
• Allocate based on economic methods
• Manage trust among participants
• Service brokering/peering
• Dynamically construct overlays on component
  services provided by underlying service providers
• Redirect to alternative service instances

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Presentation Outline

• Convergence, Divergence, Competition
• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
• Services-Enabled Networks
• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
• Summary and Conclusions

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The Post-PC Era

• Not about specific Information Appliances
• Services spanning access networks, to achieve
  high performance/manage end device diversity
• Builds on the New Internet
• Opening up of the connectivity cloud
• Embedding computing in the communications fabric
• Pervasive support for intelligent services
• Near you for faster access, more personalized,
  more localized
• Scalable to deal with surges in demand as needed