BY: JOSE LUIS FERMIN

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TIRE MANUFACTURING

• BY JOSE LUIS FERMIN
• Jose Ivan Cordero

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INTRODUCTION

• Tires are manufactured according to
  relativity standardized processes and machinery.
  Over 1 billion tires are manufactured annually in
  around 450 tire factories in the world making the
  tire industry the majority consumer of natural
  rubber. We will be discussing over the
  components assembled to make a tire, the various
  materials used, the manufacturing processes and
  the machinery used to produce them.

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TIRE CONSTRUCTION

• Inner Liner
• Body Ply
• Sidewall
• Beads
• Apex
• Belt Package
• Tread
• Cushion Gum
• Other Components

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TIRE CONSTRUCTION
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• Materials
• Natural Rubber, or Polyisoprene is the basic
  elastomer used in tire making
• Styrene-butadiene co-polymer (SBR) is a
  synthetic rubber which is often substituted in
  part for natural rubber based on the comparative
  raw materials cost
• Polybutadiene is used in combination with other
  rubbers because of its low heat build up
  properties
• Halobutyl rubber is used for the tubeless inner
  liner compounds, because of its low air
  permeability. The halogen atoms provide a bond
  with the carcass compounds which are mainly
  natural rubber. Bromobutyl is superior to
  Chlorobutyl, but is more expensive
• Carbon Black, forms a high percentage of the
  rubber compound. This gives reinforcement and
  abrasion resistance
• Silica, used together with carbon black in high
  performance tires, as a low heat build up
  reinforcement

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• Materials
• Sulphur cross-links the rubber molecules in the
  vulcanization process
• Accelerators are complex organic compounds which
  speed up the vulcanization
• Activators assist the vulcanisation. The main one
  is zinc oxide
• Antioxidants and antiozonants prevent sidewall
  cracking, due to the action of sunlight and ozone
  
• Textile fabric reinforces the carcass of the tire

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

• Compounding and mixing - Compounding is the
  operation of bringing together all the
  ingredients required to mix a batch of rubber
  compound. Each component has a different mix of
  ingredients according to the properties required
  for that component.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

• Component preparation - Components fall into
  three classes based on manufacturing process -
  calendering, extrusion, and bead building.
• Tire building - The extruder machine consists of
  a screw and barrel, screw drive, heaters, and a
  die. The extruder applies two conditions to the
  compound, heat and pressure. The calender is a
  set of multiple large-diameter rolls that squeeze
  rubber compound into a thin sheet, usually on the
  order of 2 meters wide. Fabric calenders produce
  an upper and lower rubber sheet with a layer of
  fabric in between.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

• Curing - Curing is the process of applying
  pressure to the green tire in a mold in order to
  give it its final shape, and applying heat energy
  to stimulate the chemical reaction between the
  rubber and other materials. In this process the
  green tire is automatically transferred onto the
  lower mold bead seat, a rubber bladder is
  inserted into the green tire, and the mold closes
  while the bladder inflates.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

• Final finish - After the tire has been cured,
  there are several additional operations. Tire
  Uniformity measurement is a test where the tire
  is automatically mounted on wheel halves,
  inflated, run against a simulated road surface,
  and measured for force variation. Tire balance
  measurement is a test where the tire is
  automatically placed on wheel halves, rotated at
  a high speed and measured for imbalance.

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TIRE CONSTRUCTION
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Tyre manufacturing process
Cutting the sloping incision
Collecting the latex
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References

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halobutyl_rubberTire
  _Construction
• http//www.energymanagertraining.com/tyre/tyre_man
  ufacturing_process20.htm