Chapter 1 The Data Communication Industry

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Chapter 1The Data Communication Industry

• The best way to approach data communication
• The data communication industry
• Challenge solution to business-oriented data
  communication analysis

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The Best Way to Approach Data Communication

• Never know everything in the field
• Honest about your knowledge
• Consult with expertise
• Lifelong learning

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Data Communication Industry

• General concept
• Terminology
• History
• Regulation
• Deregulation
• Standard
• Driving forces

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General Concept - I

• Data communication
• The encoded transmission of data (voice, data,
  video) via electrical, optical or wireless means
  between computers or network processor
• Benefits
• Delivering data information
• Real time
• Distance
• Competitive advantages

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General Concept - II

• Components
• Source (Transmitter)
• Medium (Communication Line)
• Sink (Receiver)
• Communication networks
• Communication rules (protocols)

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General Concept - III

• Selection Criteria
• Availability - time
• Reliability - hardware software
• Online and real-time
• Response time
• User interface
• Ergonomics
• Flexibility

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Terminology

• Local exchange carrier (LEC)
• Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOCs)
• Inter-exchange carrier (IXC)
• Public switched network
• Central office (CO)
• Local access transport area (LATA)
• Intra LATA (Local Calls)
• Inter LATA (Long-Distance Calls)
• Point of present (POP)
• Competitive access providers (CAPs)

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History

• Telegraph
• Telephone
• Computer
• Transistor
• Large-Scale Integrated Circuits
• Satellite

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Regulation Agencies

• Federal Communication Commission (FCC)
• Public Utility Commission (PUC) or Public Service
  Commission (PSC)

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Reasons for Regulation

• Universality or compatibility
• Protection
• Interference
• Duplication
• Infrastructure

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Subjects of Regulation

• Installation operation
• Price
• Profit
• Tariffs
• Duration
• Amount of Data
• Minimum Service Charge
• Flat Rate

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Deregulation

• Interconnect industry
• Caterfone decision (1968)
• MCI decision (1969)
• Antitrust
• Computer Inquiry I (1971)
• Open skies policy (1971)
• Modified Final Judgement (1982)
• Open network architecture (1986-1987)
• Deregulation
• Telecommunication Act (1996)

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Impacts of Deregulation

• Competition
• Better and economical service
• New and flexible products

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Standards - I

• Making Organizations
• International Telecommunications
  Union-Telecommunication Standardization Section
  (ITU-T) (Consultative Committee on International
  Telephones and Telegraph (CCITT))
• International Standards Organization (ISO)
• American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
• Electrical Industries Association (EIA)
• National Institute of Standards and Technology
  (NIST)
• Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
  (IEEE)

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Standards -II

• Concepts
• Rules for Compatibility
• Open System
• Specify How

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Standards - III

• Needs
• Complex communication systems
• Maintenance and future growth
• Connectivity between network devices
• Distributed processing systems
• Diagnostic and performance management

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Standards - IV

• Pros
• Compatibility between vendors
• Fewer products
• Cons
• Slow processing
• Obsolescence
• Freezing technology
• Discouraging innovation

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Driving Force

• Technology push/demand pull
• Vendors/consultants
• Business users
• Carriers
• Research
• Technology
• Manufacturers

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Challenges

• Technology investment vs. productivity gains
• Technology meets business needs
• Complex and compatibility issues

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Solutions - I

• Top-down model
• Business objectives
• Application generates information to achieve
  objectives
• Data needed by applications
• Network delivery data information
• Technology increases productivity and efficiency
• Cost/benefit analysis

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Solutions - II

• Open systems interconnection (OSI) model
• Physical
• Data link
• Network
• Transport
• Session
• Presentation
• Application

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Solutions - III

• Internet suite of protocols model
• TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet
  protocol)
• Input-processing-output (I-P-O) model

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Assignment

• Review Goldman chapter 1
• Prepare activities problem no. 3 (p. 32)
• Read Goldman chapter 2