The Industrial Revolution

1
The Industrial Revolution
2
Industrial Revolution?

• Sudden?
• Meaning?
• Costs vs. Benefits?

3
Economic Productivity

• Cotton textiles, iron, steam engine

4
Prerequisites

• Agricultural expansion
• Transportation

5
Canal Building
6
Pontcysyllte Aqueduct
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Availability of Capital

• Empire matters
• Investors looking for solidity, not bubbles
• Reinvestment of profits

9
Inventiveness

• Inventors
• Attitude
• Enlightenment

10
Natural Resources

• Coal, iron, water

11
What made Britain different?

• Single common market
• Common coinage
• Common system of weights and measures
• No internal tolls
• Lack of regulation

12
Labor Mobility

• Geographically
• Socially

13
Primogeniture
14
Dissenters Schools

• Modern curriculum
• Business open

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Dissenting innovators

• Thomas Newcomen
• James Watt

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Costs

• Old jobs lost
• Societal disruption (mass society)
• Emphasis on punctuality
• Consumer culture
• Pollution

17
Benefits

• Work load eases
• Material goods

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Process vs. Span of Time
19
The Period

• Poverty just more noticeable?
• Population growth and urbanization

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Conclusions

• Mechanical labor replaces human labor
• Change made permanent
• Expectation of progress
• Division of labor
• Socialism
• Science weds industry