HIST 112 Lecture 10

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HIST 112 Lecture 10

• Reaction and Revolution

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The 18th century legacy

• Philosophy and democracy
• Adam Smith (1723-1790)
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
• the American Revolution
• resentment about taxation trade controls
• Declaration of Independence, 1776
• the French Revolution, 1789
• the National Assembly
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

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Revolution in the Spanish world

• Napoleon rules Spain, 1808
• José de San Martín (1778-1850)
• Simón Bolívar (1783-1830)
• Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (1753-1811) Augustín
  de Iturbide (1783-1824) in New Spain
• were these radical or conservative revolutions?

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The conservative order

• Congress of Vienna, 1815
• Britain, Prussia, Habsburg Empire and Russia
• Concert of Europe
• Prussia, Russia and Habsburg Empire form a
  conservative coalition
• the Spanish Revolution, 1820
• suppressed by French troops in 1823
• Decembrist Revolt in Russia, 1825
• Tsar Alexander I succeeded by Tsar Nicholas I

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The year of revolutions 1848

• The Second Republic in France
• abdication of Louis Philippe
• return of the National Assembly
• the Habsburg Empire
• abdication of Emperor Ferdinand
• Hungarian, Czech, Italian uprisings
• the German uprising
• King Frederick William abolishes Prussian
  assembly suppresses Frankfurt Parliament

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Summary and review

• liberalism involved a mainly middle-class
  attempt to gain greater political and economic
  rights and freedoms
• American and French Revolutions
• 1848 revolutions in Europe
• liberal revs hijacked by conservative forces
• Second Republic in France becomes Second Empire
• failed 1848 revn in Prussia inspires later
  unification
• Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla s liberal revolution
  crushed later creole/military revolution
  succeeds in 1821