History of Leadership

1
History of Leadership

• Understanding Leadership
• By
• Crawford, Brungardt, and Maughan

2
Eras of Leadership

• Tribal
• Pre-Classical
• Classical
• Progressive
• Post-Progressive

3
Tribal Leadership

• Role of coordinator and skilled expert
• Directive and task-oriented
• Leaders were elected based on size, strength,
  and agility
• Leadership based on fear
• Family leadership

4
Implications for Tribal Leaders

• Brute force accepted, fear-based
• Survival skills rule, but social skills are a
  plus
• Coordinator, skilled expert

5
Implications for Tribal Followers

• Failure to follow leads to death
• Followers role important for tribal success
• Long-term power derived from survival skills

6
Pre-Classical Leadership

• Concerned with spirituality
• Claimed divinity
• Death was feared
• Kings and queens

7
Implications for Pre-Classical Leaders

• Spiritually or magically endowed
• Male dominant
• Kings and church in collusion
• Brutality and oppression justified

8
Implications for Pre-Classical Followers

• Subservient role
• Vessels to be filled with spiritual teachings or
  law
• Subhuman treatment accepted
• Follow because of or through fear

9
Classical Leadership

• Production at minimal costs
• Stability
• Workers are inefficient
• Do what it takes to get the job done
• Division of labor
• Organize, control, command, decide, and
  manipulate for results

10
Implications for Classical Leaders

• Production at all costs
• Labor is infinite
• Leaders lead and divide labor
• Organize, control, command, decide, and
  manipulate for results

11
Implications for Classical Followers

• Hard work expected, and builds character
• Chaos is the downfall of the policy-driven
  organization
• No one is indispensable
• Workers considered lazy and inefficient

12
Progressive Leadership

• The change game
• Increase quality
• Total Quality Management (TQM)
• Empowerment

13
Implications for Progressive Leaders

• Stability no longer the key
• Change game, TQM, and re-engineering
• Change agent, visionary for transformational
  change
• Empowerment is the mantra, Unlock the potential
  of everyone

14
Implications for Progressive Followers

• Everyone has a worth value
• Collaboration means more power for followers,
  shared power
• Intimate involvement with total organizational
  change
• Needs met on managements terms

15
Post-Progressive Leadership

• Addresses the post-industrial world
• Must be sensitive to the demands of the
  information society and post Cold War world
• Social change models

16
Implications for Post-Progressive Leaders

• Answers to issues in the post-industrial world
• New democratic agenda
• Social change, collaboration, and risk leadership
  models

17
Implications for Post-Progressive Followers

• Collaboration and agenda building are the new
  roles of the follower
• Equal partner in the leadership relationship
• Followers needs met