Criminal Profiling Fact and Fiction

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Criminal Profiling Fact and Fiction

• Sherlock Holmes/Miss Marple/Father
  Brown/Poirot/Cracker Silence of the Lambs
• Psycho-Sleuth
• Statistical
• Police investigative
• Psychological/Psychiatric approach

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All Approachesare geared towards aiding

• Detection
• Apprehension
• 
  Incarceration
• Objective to maximize effective deployment of
  limited Police resources

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Cesare Lombrosso (1835-1909)

• Indicators of criminal genetic make-up include
• Handle shaped ears
• Insensitivity to pain
• High cheek bones
• Large jaws
• Solitary lines on palms
• Craving for orgies

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Statistical Approaches

• Actuarial (e.g. CATCHEM database)
• Multidimensional analyses

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Police Investigative Derived Approaches

• FBIs Behavioural Science Unit, Quantico Virginia
• National Crime and Operations Faculty, Bramshill,
  Hampshire

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The Profile of FP

• Single white male
• Between 40-50 years of age
• Solidly built
• Batchelor (lives alone or with female relative)
• Roman Catholic
• High School Education
• Regular Church-goer
• Neat personal appearance and habits
• Unsocial (cf Anti-social)
• Foreign, Slavic lives in Connecticut
• Morally honest outwardly pleasant
• Former employee of Con Edison
• Good work record there
• Chronically ill with heart disease
• Progressive paranoia
• Skilled machinist
• Meticulous about his tools and tool box
• Would be wearing a double breasted suit neatly
  buttoned when they find him

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Disorganized Offender

• Characterized as committing a
• Sudden unforeseen attack
• Without need for restraints (ropes, cuffs etc.)
• Minimal attempt to hide the victim

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Expected characteristics

• Have sexual inadequacy
• Have social skills difficulties
• Prior knowledge of the victim
• Prior knowledge of the location
• Live near-by the attack

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Organised Offender

• Shows evidence of
• Having planned the crime
• Selecting a stranger victim
• Control over the victim and/or events as they
  unfold

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Organized Offender

• Characterized by FBI research as likely to
• Be of above average intelligence
• Sexually capable
• Socially competent
• Living with a partner
• Driving a sound muscle car

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Positive Life-style
Negative Life-style
TIME
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Existential needs
Innate Capabilities
Conditions of Growth
Ability to Grow
Observed Growth
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Existential needs

• Recurring themes in personality theoretics
• Food and drink
• Sex
• ---------------------
• Stimuli/boredom avoidance
• Attachment
• Need to influence world/achieve
• Uncertainty Management
• Definition of existential rationale

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Determinants of () and (-) growth

• In individuals background
• Caringness
• Open Lovingness
• Empathy
• Balance in relationships
• Respect
• Consistency
• Goal setting
• _____________________
• Innate qualities

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PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF EXISTENTIAL NEEDS AND
ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS OF GROWTH

• SELF-ACTUALIZING
• Acceptance
• Undistorted awareness
• Openness
• Growth striving
• Other acceptance
• Change receptive
• Integrated
• Empathic
• Warm
• Loving
• Creative
• Reality oriented
• Biophilous
• Power orientation - societal

POSITIVE

• AVOIDANCE STRATAGEM include
• Intoxication
• Denial
• Intellectualization
• Abdication of persona through
• animal behaviour
• Minimisation of executive decision-making
• via religious beliefs, affiliation to dogma
• (e.g. Marxism, Nazism, Cults etc)
• Dropping out of society

• LIFE THWARTING
• Defensiveness
• Denial
• Distorted awareness
• Disintegration
• Spoiling
• Control interests
• Self-interest
• Practice bound
• Neo-phobic
• Partitioned
• Pseudo warmth / cold
• Pseudo loving / no love
• Destructive
• Fantasy oriented
• Necrophilous
• Power orientation - personal

NEGATIVE
TIME
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Self-actualized
Anti-social
Sado-maso
Necro
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• Inference of motive
• Reconstructing sequence of events
• Understanding cause and effect
• Recognizing
• signature behaviour
• signs of planning
• themes of anger, power and control
• signs of obsessionality
• Cognition and Affect
• Clinical crime profiling Copson et al CBMH 7.1,
  1997

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Case study

• Miss Alison Kennedy

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Alison Kennedy
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