State Building

1
State Building Decay

• Russia USSR

2
Russia Enters the 20th Century

• Economically strong
• Social development shift to an industrial
  society with emerging middle class
• Dysfunctional political structure
• Weak absolutist Romanov monarchy
• Failed shift to liberal government 1905, Feb 1917

3
World War I

• Russian empire joins Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman
  Empires in dustbin of history
• Socialist Revolution, Civil War establish new
  political structure, transfer of power to new
  political elite

4
Inter-War USSR

• Territorial expansion into Central Asia
  formation of Union of Soviet Socialists Republics
  (15 total)
• Socialism in One Country under Stalin
• Economic expansion, collectivization, 5-year
  plans 1930s
• Purges 1930s (of Kirov, military leadership)
• Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (Nazi-Soviet Pact) 1939

5
World War II

• Allies England, France USSR, US join in
  1941
• Siege of Leningrad 900 Days
• Battle of Stalingrad turning point 1943
• Yalta Conference, 1945
• Division of Europe into spheres of influence
• Meeting on the Elbe in Germany, 1945

6
Great Patriotic War of the Fatherland

• Refocus on national greatness
• Rekindling of Russian Orthodoxy
• 20 million deaths tremendous patriotism
• Cf German soldier in battle of Stalingrad (in
  SOURCES)

7
Post WWII Stalinist USSR, 1945-1953

• Reintroduction of censorship of art, press
• Shostakovich, Eisenstein
• Economy focused on heavy industry, not consumer
  goods
• Domination of Eastern European satellite nations
• Redrawing of map
• Division of Germany
• Albania, Yugoslavia (Tito) exceptions

8
Interwar Europe
9
Post War Europe
10
Soviet Satellite Countries

• Iron Curtain
• Land distribution collectivization
• Except in Poland
• Heavy Industry, few consumer items
• Repression (secret police, arbitrary arrests,
  censorship)
• Undermine Church
• Except in Poland

11
Death of Stalin, 1953

• KGB Head Beria executed to prevent coup
• East Berlin revolts
• Khrushchevs secret speech denounces Stalins
  cult of personality De-Stalinization
• Poland, Hungary revolt
• Hungary is crushed Poland cuts a communist
  compromise

12
USSR Boom Years, 1950s

• Atomic Bomb, H-Bombs early 50s
• Sputnik 1957
• Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM)
• Economic boom agricultural bust
• Peaceful Coexistence U-2 Incident
• Thaw, 1961 (Dr. Zhivago One Day)
• Khrushchev ousted, 1964
• Berlin Wall Missile Crisis problems
• Play excerpt
• Brezhnev, re-Stalinization and Stagnation

13
Prague Spring, 1968

• Liberalization in Czechoslovakia
• Dubceks socialism with a human face
• Crushed, 1968
• 500,000 troops (cf Vietnam)
• Brezhnev Doctrine
• right to intervene in internal affairs of any
  satellite

14
Détente, 1970s

• Willy Brandt, W. Germany, wreath in Poland
• SALT I
• Helsinki Conference, 1975
• Agreement on borders
• Human rights
• Afghanistan invasion, 1980

15
End of Brezhnev, USSR, 1980s

• Stagnation, Evil Empire, nomenklaturas
  privileges
• the country went through a social revolution
  while Brezhnev slept
• Urban population growth
• Educated elite growth
• Public Opinion -- samizdat

16
Gorbachev, 1985-1989

• As significant as Peters reforms, Alex IIs
  Great Reforms, Revolution 1917, Stalin Revolution
• Glastnost
• Democratization liberalism national
  self-determination
• Chernobyl
• Perestroika
• Relaxing economic controls shift to consumer
  goods (cf NEP under Lenin)