Ch. 1 Rethinking Computers and Instruction

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Ch. 1 Rethinking Computers and Instruction

• Hl 311

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Conceptions of Technology

• The Use of Computers in Schools a.
  Drill-and-practice software (mimicks flash
  cards) reinforces existing knowledge such as
  multiplication facts efficient way to achieve
  rote-learning objectives although current
  educational trends question the value of the
  type of rote-learning this type of software
  promotes.
• b. Tutorials attempts to teach the learner new
  info. ranges from simple to complex strategies
  which allows for branching and adaptation to
  individual differences.c. Educational games
  provide an interesting theme, are often
  variations of drill-and-practice software,
  sometimes adding a time variable.

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Conceptions of Technology(Continued)

• The Use of Computers in Business
• Computers are used differently in the workplace
  than they are used in the schools. Computers are
  used as a tool to solve problems in the
  work-place applications include spreadsheets,
  databases, word-processing, graphic programs,
  desktop publishing tools, e-mail, the Internet,
  etc
• The competencies that employers will be looking
  for in employees are reflected in the National
  Educational Technology Standards for Students
  (NETS)

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Computers as Tools to Make Us Smarter

• One TOOL man has invented to help us increase our
  thinking ability is the COMPUTER!
• Computers act as a physical artifact makes us
  smarter and more efficient
• Some examples of how computers can make us
  smarter
• Students can create a graph of collected data
  using the computer the graph helps the students
  to reflect and identify patterns and trends to
  generate new ideas.
• Students can store data on a computer (like a
  filing cabinet) they can use a database program
  to recall important data which encourages them to
  reflect and synthesize on ideas.
• Computers can make our students (all of us)
  smarter when our students begin to process the
  data they have generated w/the computer.

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The NTeQ Model

• NTeQ iNtegrating(N) Technology(Te) for
  inQuiry(Q)
• The NTeQ model is a method for teachers to follow
  when creating lesson plans w/the integration of
  computer technology in the classroom. This model
  enables students to use a computer as a tool and
  encourages higher-level thinking and processing
  skills.

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The Ten-Step Approach
The NTeQ model involves 10 steps for creating a
lesson that integrates technology into the
classroom

• Specify Objectives objectives are based on
  standards, benchmarks, curriculum materials
  objectives should be clearly stated and guide the
  teachers preparation of the lesson
• Match Computer Functions there must be a
  relationship between the objectives and the
  functions a computer can perform computer
  functions are tasks that computer software can
  assist with or perform there will always be a
  match w/every objective b/c computers are not
  used in every lesson
• Specify the Problem students are given or
  identify a problem a good problem is one that
  students can relate to and understand

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The Ten-Step Approach(continued)

• 4. Data Manipulation the teacher plans/decides
  how the student will manipulate the data theyve
  gathered through observation/experimentation/Inter
  net research, etc this decision directly
  relates to the computer functions and objectives
• 5. Results Presentation the teacher
  plans/decides how the students will present the
  knowledge theyve gained through
  observation/experimentation/Internet research,
  etc written/oral reports, newspapers/magazines,
  posters, web pages, books, PowerPoint
  presentations, etc
• 6. Activities During Computer Use the teacher
  plans/decides what activities the students will
  complete at the computer have clear expectations
  of how the students will use the technology
• 7. Activities Before Computer Use the teacher
  plans/decides the activities the students need to
  complete to make the computer time efficient and
  effective

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The Ten-Step Approach(continued)

• 8. Activities After Computer Use this step needs
  to engage students in reflective, higher-level
  thinking about the data they have collected and
  manipulated the teacher should develop questions
  and a plan for encouraging the students to
  reflect and analyze (ex. Think Sheet)
• 9. Supporting Activities these are activities
  that do not require the use of the computer but
  are essential to the lesson silent reading,
  group discussion, teacher-led discussion, use of
  manipulatives, etc
• 10. Assessment alternative (authentic) types of
  assessments may be needed for integrated lessons
  paper-and-pencil (traditional) types of
  assessment may not be adequate to assess
  students learning when integrating computer
  technology into the lesson.

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NTeQ Philosophy

• Five Basic Components

• Teacher need to experience using the computer
  as a tool, need to understand the relationship
  between basic computer functions and student
  learning, and need to use their knowledge of
  student learning and technology to take on the
  role of the designer, manager, facilitator of a
  student-centered environment
• Student actively engages in the learning
  process, acts as researcher, become
  technologically competent
• Computer used as a TOOL to enhance learning,
  uses real-world data to solve problems the
  computer is not the point of emphasis
• Lesson student-centered, problem-based,
  technology is integrated NTeQ model is not
  intended for EVERY lesson
• Environment classroom consists of multiple,
  resource-rich activities

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NTeQ and the Standards

• Teachers must address 2 types of standards while
  planning and teaching.

• 1st, teachers must address the national, state,
  and local districts standards (or benchmarks)
• 2nd, teachers must address the National
  Educational Technology Standards (NETS) for
  Students these standards address the students
  use of computer technology the technology
  standards are broken down into 6 broad
  categories basic operations concepts, social,
  ethical, and human issues, technology
  productivity tools, technology communication
  tools, technology research tools, and technology
  problem-solving and decision-making tools