Conference on Wireless Sensor Network

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Conference on Wireless Sensor Network 20th April
2007, I.I.T. Powai, Mumbai
Proposed WSN Applications
RKGarg, Sc D SASE, Chandigarh
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Area of Operations
40
Gulmarg Bowl
39
Banihal Bowl
Patseo Bowl
16
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Avalanche Forecasting is thrust area Forecasting
Models need data Bowls are being studied in
detail for temporal and spatial variability
Dhundi-Manali

• Conventional RRTS
• Dhundi-Manali Bowl
• Patseo Bowl
• (iii) Gulmarg Bowl

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Line of Sight is ensured through Repeater at
Sarson Typical Arial Distances Involved 1.2 km
Gurdyali Gali
Sarson
Himmat
Cheema
KongDori
Gulmarg
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Patseo Bowl Area
Approach from Darcha
Patseo Observatory
Direct Line of Sight Typical Arial Distances
Involved 1.5 km
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D-10 Top
North Portal
Line of Sight is ensured through Repeater Typical
Arial Distances Involved 1.2 km
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Dhundi-Manali Bowl
RT-3
SP
MSP-13
MSP-12
Marhi
Dhundi
RT-1
MSP-11
MSP-9
MSP-10
MSP-8
RT-2
MSP-6
MSP-7
Master Repeater
MSP-5
MSP-4
MSP-3
MSP-2
Line of Sight is ensured through Repeater Radio
Transceiver of 1 Watt Typical Distances Involved
10 km
Central Stn.
Manali
Problem Area Line of Sight in Hilly Terrain
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MSP-9 MSP-10 FORMATION ZONE AREA
MSP-9 FORMATION ZONE
MSP-10 FORMATION ZONE
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MSP 10 AVALANCHE SITE
BEAS RIVER
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MSP-10 Avalanche Site
Location (from Manali) 23.0 km Altitude
3080m F/Zone Area 6.5 ha Catchment Area
45 ha Altitude Range Slope FZ 3650-3300
36º MZ 3300-2850 26º RZ 28502750 8º
Avalanche Flow Parameters Volume of snow released
from formation zone 2.5 X 105 m3 Expected
avalanche velocity at the road side 10
m/sec Expected avalanche flow depth at the road
side 4.0 m
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Radio Based Telemetry System (RRTS)

• Useful for data collection for limited distance
• Radio communication based on spread spectrum
  technology
• Based on Line of Sight (LOS) communication

• Sampling time can be configured depending upon
  the requirement without physically going to the
  remote station
• Being used to study bowl Areas in the mountainous
  region
• Any of the remote station can be configured as a
  repeater if required for relay of data of the
  station which is not in LOS with the central
  station

• Radio-Link Feasibility before installation
• Matching configuration of hardware
• Lots of efforts in installation and maintenance
• Expensive Hardware is lost in accidents

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• Potential of WSN-
• Adhoc networking capability allows alternate
  communication links
• Communication is not node specific
• Lower cost and lower power consumption
• Can be deployed in large Nos.
• Different sensors can be integrated to wireless
  nodes
• Data can be relayed through master repeaters
  kept at safe location and distance

• Criticality-
• Operations at Low Temperature (-20 deg C) and
  High Humidity (95)
• Frequency suitability for burial under snow
• Easily deployable (Helicopter)
• Wireless Planning Commission, New Delhi
  Clearance if not in open band

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• Parameters of Our Interest
• During Avalanche Occurrence-
• Pressure 60 Ton/m2
• Velocity 40 m/s
• Depth of Flow up to 10 m/s
• Shear Force up to 5 kN
• Static Measurements-
• Density Profile 0.2 to 0.7 g/cm3
• Static Load up to 10 kN
• Standing Snow Depth up to 3 m
• Special Parameters-
• Grain Profile with small CCD cameras
• Creep and Glide with GPS enabled Accelerometers
• Infrasonic Signal Emissions and Analysis
• Snow Surface Temperature where depth of snowpack
  is varying
• Temperature profile of snowpack

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Proposed Network Configuration
Sensor Array
Main Station
Master Repeater
Web Server
Internet
RDC-SASE CHD
Online Display
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Proposed Application for Bowl Study
Ultrasonic WS/WD
AT/RH
IR Snow Surface Temp.
Data Collection Platform VHF
or Satellite Transmitter
Radiation
Atmos. Pressure
Level Sensor

• Individual sensor module with rechargeable power
  system
• Through wireless protocol all sensors relay data
  through antenna system on top of tower
• Data is collected in DCP of Master Station for
  processing, compression and transmission to Main
  RD Centre
• Avoids the cable run, bulky batteries and
  charging system
• Cost effective and lesser satellite resources can
  be used

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Thank You