Common or Problem Pasture Weeds

1
Common or Problem Pasture Weeds

• Camp, Franklin, Morris
• and Titus Counties

2
Selection Process

• Review of weed ID and control questions from
  agents and producers
• what did you ask about
• Discussion with regional producers
• Discussion with agents
• SWAG last resort.

3
Weed Identification

• Plant Type
• Broadleaf
• Di-cots
• Net Vein
• Grass and Grass-like
• Monocot
• Parallel veins
• Lance-like leaf
• Root system
• grass fiberous
• Grass-like
• Bulb storage

4
Weed Identification

• Life cycle
• Annual
• one year
• Biennial
• two year
• Perennial
• Multiple year
• Growing season
• Cool
• Fall - Spring
• Warm
• Spring - Fall

5
Battle Plan

• Annuals
• annual seed production required
• kill flower, prevent seed formation
• Early (pre-emergent) control is best
• Perennials
• Kill root, kills plant
• Nutrient Reserve Depletion required
• Control timing critical and weed specific

6
Weed Control Methods

• Mechanical
• Biological
• Crop Rotation
• Fire
• Crop Competition
• Prevention
• Chemical

7
Basic Principles of Chemical Weed Control

• Know your weeds
• Choose the right herbicide
• Match equipment with needs
• Calibrate your sprayer
• Spray at the proper time
• Read and FOLLOW label instructions

8
Winter Annual Broadleaves

• Fall Germination
• Current weed
• Multiple species
• Carolina Germanium
• Henbit
• Chickweed
• Control
• Mulch
• Grazing
• Fire
• 2,4-D

9
Summer Annual Broadleaves

• March - May Germination
• Disturbed areas
• Pigweed
• Jimsonweed
• Toxic
• Control
• Prevention
• Mowing
• Chemical
• 2,4-D

10
Summer Annual Broadleaves

• Undisturbed areas
• Crotons
• Tropic no hair
• Woolly (goatweed)
• Control
• Mulch
• Mowing
• Chemical
• 2,4-D
• Grazon/Weedmaster

11
Mixed Cycle Broadleaves

• Ranaculus
• aka yellow buttercup
• Toxic
• Rich bottomlands
• Control
• 4 stubble ht in fall
• Crop competition
• Grazon PD or Weedmaster at full leaf

12
Mixed Cycle Broadleaves

• Primrose
• Showy
• perennial
• control
• Mulching
• early grazing
• chemical
• WM, PD
• Cutleaf evening
• annual
• control
• prevention
• mulching, grazing
• chemical
• 2,4-D

13
Perennial Broadleaf

• Dogfennel
• aka rawsen weed
• deep rooted
• Control
• Competition
• Prevention
• Mowing (?)
• Chemical
• 2,4-D
• early often
• WM, PD

14
Perennial Broadleaves

• Nightshades
• Multiple species
• Horsenettle
• Black or Gray
• tomato flower
• Toxic to livestock
• Control
• Prevention
• Hormone herbicides
• Mowing

15
Perennial Broadleaves

• Berrybushes
• Multiple species
• Dewberry
• Blackberry
• Prevention
• Control
• Grazing (goats)
• Frequent mowing
• Weedmaster or Grazon with 0.1-0.2 oz of Ally

16
Perennial Broadleaves

• Greenbriar
• vine weed
• Protected site
• Fenceline
• Control
• Grazing (early)
• Mowing (frequent)
• Chemical
• Hormone
• Hormone spiked with Ally, Amber (?)

17
Grass-like

• Nutsedge
• Yellow
• Purple
• Pasture
• Establishment weed
• Crop Competition
• Fallow
• Roundup

18
Grass-like

• Watergrass
• Multiple species
• Wet areas
• Limited information
• large nutrient storage
• Reproductive organs
• Seeds, tillers, korms, rhizomes
• Control
• Competition
• Herbicides
• Roundup
• Weedmaster (?)

19
Annual Cool Season Grasses

• Current weed problem
• Multiple species
• Little Barley
• Ryegrass
• Control
• Fall Mulch
• Fire
• Grazing Pressure
• Chemical
• Roundup
• Amber (?)

20
Annual Warm Season Grasses

• Multiple Species
• Crabgrass
• Broadleaf Signalgrass
• Establishment weed
• Control
• Grazing high quality
• Mowing (?)
• Chemical
• Weedmaster_at_ planting (Hybrid bermuda only
• Roundup (between cuttings)

21
Annual Warm Season Grass

• Sandburr
• Multiple Species
• Invader
• Drought
• Hayfield
• Control
• Competition
• Prevention
• Grazing
• Roundup

22
Real Problem Weeds in Bermudagrass

• Warm Season Perennial grasses
• Paspalums, Common, Johnson, Smut, Sage
• Cool Season Perennial grass
• Tall Fescue

23
Dallisgrass

• Clay soils, Wet Site
• Highly competitive
• Control
• Crop competition
• Roundup
• Sod suppression
• Pre-greenup

24
Bahiagrass

• Acid sands, clay subsoil
• Very Competitive
• Control
• Competition
• Prevention
• Ally 0.3 oz/ac
• Roundup between cuttings

25
Common Bermudagrass

• Most difficult weed to control in Hybrid
  Bermudagrass
• Hayfield
• Control
• Control prior to establishment
• Crop competition
• Spot treatment with Roundup

26
Johnsongrass

• Perennial problem
• Toxicity
• Nitrate
• Prussic
• Useable
• Control
• Frequent grazing
• Crop competition
• Roundup (wick) in late summer

27
Smutgrass

• New Invader
• Cattle avoidance
• First seen near Daingerfield
• Control
• Difficult
• Fire (?)
• Chemical
• Velpar
• Roundup (wiper)

28
Tall fescue

• Cool season
• Bottomlands
• Toxic
• Control
• Crop competition
• Heavy spring grazing
• Herbicide
• Roundup
• Gramoxone
• split application in Sept.

29
Broomsedge Bluestem

• Pesky plant
• Invader
• Indicator plant
• Low fertility
• Overgrazing
• Control
• Fire
• Competition
• Roundup (wick)

30
Summary

• Pasture weeds
• Identify weed and growth stage
• Annuals early
• Perennials at full leaf
• Develop a workable strategy
• Cures
• Prevention
• Crop competition