Unit%205a:%20Keeping%20Healthy%20The%20Heart%20and%20Lungs

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Unit 5a Keeping HealthyThe Heart and Lungs

• Key Stage 2 Year 5 Science
• by Mrs. Chapman, 2005
• Greet School, Birmingham

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Introduction

• 1 The human body
• 2 What does the heart do?
• 3 Heart key facts
• 4 Heart health
• 5 What do the lungs do?
• 6 Lungs key facts
• 7 The circulation
• 8 Pulse and exercise
• 9 Pulse rate data
• 10 How do I look after them?
• Heart and lungs quiz
• Links for further study

Unit 5a Keeping Healthy The Heart and Lungs Year
5 Science by Mrs. Chapman
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The human body

• Your body is very special.
• We need to look after our bodies to stay healthy.
• Although we may look still and quiet on the
  outside, our body is constantly moving and
  changing inside.
• Can you find the brain, the heart and the lungs?

Back to Introduction
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What does the heart do?

• Your heart, made of muscle, pumps blood around
  your body via blood vessels (tubes).
• The heart is inside your chest, protected by
  bones - the ribs and breast bone.
• When the heart pumps, it beats - we measure the
  heartbeat via the pulse - easily found on your
  wrist and neck.
• Blood carries oxygen to the parts of the body
  that need it.

Back to Introduction
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Heart key facts

• Your heart is about the size of your fist.
• In most adults it beats about 70 times a minute
  (70 bpm).
• In children and small animals, the heart beats
  faster.
• The first heart transplant was in 1967.
• You cannot normally live for more than 5 minutes
  if your heart stops beating.
• Heart disease is the number 1 killer in the
  western world!
• Doctors examine your heart by taking the pulse
  (to see how fast its beating), ECGs (special
  electrical rhythm charts), x-rays and scans
  including ultrasound (like an unborn baby scan).

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Heart health
Heart on chest x-ray
Man having a chest x-ray
Ultrasound output
Back to Introduction
ECG graph output
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What do the lungs do?

• Your lungs receive the air you breathe in through
  your nose.
• When you breathe in, the lungs puff-out or
  inflate, and deflate when you breathe out.
• From the air, they take the useful part - oxygen
  (a gas), and convert it for use in the body via
  the bloodstream.
• The blood swaps carbon dioxide (the waste
  material) for oxygen in the lungs. This is why
  the lungs are often said to convert gases.

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Lungs key facts

• You have 2 lungs.
• Your lungs are protected by your ribcage.
• Close-up, they look like a wet sponge.
• The left lung is smaller - to accommodate your
  heart (see the x-ray showing the heart).
• Your lungs are particularly vulnerable to
  breathing-in nasty substances - toxic chemicals,
  smoke from fires and cigarette smoke all damage
  your lungs.

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The circulation

• Blood (with oxygen and nutrients) goes round our
  bodies via the heart. We call this circulation
  (from the word circle).
• The heart sends blood to the lungs first to
  collect the oxygen from the air weve just
  breathed-in, then it goes to where its needed
  (this is shown in red).
• The blood then returns to the lungs via the heart
  (this is shown in blue) with carbon dioxide - the
  gas that we breathe out.
• This is described as a figure of 8.

Back to Introduction
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Pulse and exercise

• When you exercise parts of your body need an
  increased blood supply (more oxygen and
  nutrients) so your heart beats faster.
• You also breathe faster - to get more oxygen into
  your lungs, and to get rid of the carbon dioxide.
• You also get hot and sometimes flushed (or red
  faced).

• What parts of the body need an increased blood
  supply when running?
• Take your resting pulse and produce a bar chart
  of your groups results.
• What is the most common range for pulse?

Back to Introduction
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Pulse rate data
Back to Introduction
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How do I look after them?

• By doing exercise regularly
• our hearts get fitter and bigger - better at
  pumping blood and not needing to work so hard or
  fast.
• our lungs get stronger and have increased
  capacity so we are able to take in more oxygen in
  a single breath.
• we will feel healthier.

• How can we check that exercise is good for our
  hearts or lungs?
• What else could we check to see if exercise is
  good for us?

Back to Introduction
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Heart and Lungs Quiz

• Are they True or False?
• Your heart pumps blood around your body.
• The heartbeat of smaller animals and children is
  slower than adults or big animals.
• Your blood carries carbon dioxide to all the
  parts that need it .
• Your lungs exchange gases.
• Blood travels around the body in a figure of 8.
  
• Your pulse tells you how much air you are
  breathing.
• Athletes have a slower resting pulse than unfit
  people.
• The ribs are bones that protect the heart and
  lungs.
• Exercise and eating healthily are good for your
  heart.

Back to Introduction
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Heart and Lungs Quiz

• Your heart pumps blood around your body.
• True
• The heartbeat of smaller animals and children is
  slower than adults or big animals.
• False the smaller the animal the faster the
  heartbeat.
• Your blood carries carbon dioxide to all the
  parts that need it .
• False the blood carries oxygen to all the parts
  that need it.
• Your lungs exchange gases.
• True
• Blood travels around the body in a figure of 8.
  
• True
• Your pulse tells you how much air you are
  breathing.
• False pulse tells us how fast your heart is
  beating.
• Athletes have a slower resting pulse than unfit
  people.
• True
• The ribs are bones that protect the heart and
  lungs.
• True
• Exercise and eating healthily are good for your
  heart.
• True

Back to Introduction
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Useful links for further study

• http//www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/4/biology/a
  bpi/heart/index.html

Back to Introduction