World War II 19391945

1
World War II(1939-1945)

• Chapter 26

2
Seeds of World War II

• Treaty of Versailles
• Great Depression
• - extremist parties
• - rise of dictatorships/ military regimes
• Failure of League of Nations
• Appeasement
• Military buildup
• - Kellogg-Briand Pact

3
Rise of Adolf Hitler

• 1933- Hitler became Chancellor of Germany
• Hitlers 4 goals
• Lebensraum
• rearmament
• racial purity
• economic recovery

4
Nazi Party

• 100k members in 1929/ over a million by end of
  1933
  
• Unemployment- 6 mil in 1932 / 500k in 1937

5
Militarism in Japan

• Japan aggression in Asia
• 1937- waged undeclared war with China
• - rape of Nanking (20k raped / 12k killed)
• - U.S. threatens economically / L.O.N.

6
Militarism in Japan (continue)

• 1940- Japan invades Indochina
• - hoarding of rice
• - conquered Thailand, Burma Philippines
  (1940)
  

7
Japanese Empire
8
Path to War appeasement

• 1935- Hitler renounces Treaty
• - builds air force military (draft/ 500k)
• 1936- Hitler sends troops into Rhineland

9
Fall of Spain, 1939

• 1936- Spanish Civil War/ Francisco Franco
• Fearful eyes of Western Powers L.O.N.
• - WWI memories
• Spain falls in 1939
• Hitler convinced that no one will stand in his
  way
  
• 1938- Germany annexes Austria
• Hitler announces plans to annex Northern
  Czechoslovakia

10
Munich Conference, 1938

• Allies call Munich Conference
• - allies give in to Hitlers demand
• - Chamberlain states peace in our time
• - Hitler takes rest of Czech state
• - failure of appeasement
• 1939- 1)Pact of Steel, 2)nonaggression pact
  3)allies promise to assist Poland
  

11
Out break of WWII

• Hitler invades Poland (9.1.1939)/ Blitzkrieg
• Britain France declare war on Germany
• Hitler invades France (May 1940)
• - France falls in 6 weeks (6.22.1940)
• - British evacuate Dunkirk (330k)

12
Battle of Britain, August 1940

• Germany controls west central Europe
• invasion of Britain only possible if Germany
  controlled the skies
  
• air invasion of Britain/ Luftwaffe
• 12k tons of bombs dropped in cities
• Germany loses battle by Oct

13
Battle of Britain, 1940
14
Operation BarbarossaJune 22, 1941

• Hitler postpones invasion of Britain
• turns to Russia (lebensraum)

15
Soviet Union Germany

• 3.5 million
• 2,770
• 3,300
• 7,000

• 5 million Troops
• 8,000 Air Craft
• 24,000 Tanks
• 20,000 Guns
• Hitler believed he could defeat soviet union in 6
  weeks. Why?
  

16
Operation Barbarossa

• Blitzkrieg- advanced to Moscow within 4 months
• Conquered Stalingrad (symbolic victory)

17
Operation Barbarossa (continue)

• Red Army near defeat, switch to plan B
• - retreat burn
• Russias ally stopped the German advance in
  November, 1941 (1st time)
  
• - Germany lacked supplies for winter
• - retreats in 1943

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America in WWII

• Neutrality laws kept U.S. out of war until 1941
• Neutrality acts of 1935-6 placed arms embargo
  restricted loans to aggressors
  
• Neutrality act of 1937 restricted all trade with
  aggressor countries
  
• US made huge loans to allies
• Americas neutrality appeased aggressors

20
Pearl Harbor

• Tri-partite pact (1940)
• Japanese expansion curved by U.S. presence in
  pacific
  
• You cannot invade the mainland U.S., there would
  be a rifle behind every blade of grass -
  Yamamota
  
• US neutrality comes to an end in 1941
• Dec. 7- Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor
• - Japans misfortune (p. 678)

21
I feel all we have done is awaken the sleeping
giant and filled him with terrible
resolve-Yamamota
22
Pearl Harbor (continue)

• Dec 8- U.S. declares war on Japan
• - Germany declares war on U.S.
• US entrance is turning point of WWII
• Americas two front war- Germany Japan

23
Japanese internment camps
24
Entry of U.S.

• Churchill/ FDR in the White House
• - focus on Germany/ North Africa
• - Stalins reaction
• - June 1942- war in N. Africa
• Mussolini overthrown/ 09/1942

25
General George S. Patton

• No bastard ever won a war by dying for his
  country. He won it by making the other poor dumb
  bastard die for his country

26
Battle of Midway

• June 1942- war in the Pacific
• U.S. naval success
• destroyed 4 Japanese aircraft carriers, 300
  planes 5k men
  
• Island hopping battles
• Japans empire begins to shrink

27
Operation Overlord

• D-Day June 6, 1944
• Long awaited 2nd front
• - Eisenhower- Supreme Allied Commander
• Goal- liberate German occupied France
• Invasion Normandy
• Historys greatest naval invasion/ 5k
• - Higgins boat
• - weather/ loss of tanks/ no protection

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D-Day invasion
29

• The Atlantic Wall was an extensive system of
  coastal fortifications built by the Germany
  during WWII along the western coast of Europe
  (1942-44) in order to defend against an
  anticipated invasion

30
D-Day (continue)

• costly and successful attack
• 2 million troops in France within 3 months
• Paris liberated by August, 1944
• Importance of eastern front

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Omaha BeachNormandy, France(2003)
33
US Cemetery in Normandy
34
Hitlers last attempt

• Battle of the Bulge
• Largest land battle involving U.S.
• 500k Americans
• (200k causalities)
• Germany begins to retreat

35
End of Nazi Germany

• By march 45- German army collapses
• Allies occupy Berlin by April 45
• Hitler commits suicide 4.30.1945
• May 5- Germany surrenders/ V-E Day
  

36
Collapse of GermanyMay 7, 1945
37
End of Japans Pacific Empire

• US takes Iwo Jima Philippines (1945)
• Empire collapses/ no retreat no surrender
• FDR dies/ Truman/ A-bomb
• US demands Japans surrender
• - consequences of ground invasion
• - decision to use Atomic bomb

38
Atomic Bomb

• Aug 6, 1945- A-bomb dropped on Hiroshima
• Aug 8- Sovs invade Manchuria
• Aug 9- A-bomb on Nagasaki

39
V-J DAY

• Aug 15- Japan surrenders/ V-J Day
• WWII over

40
Post WWII

• Over 100 million causalities
• Over 50 million deaths
• Yalta Conference, 1945
• Germany divided
• United Nations created

41
Conclusion of WWII

• Most devastating war in history
• Over 50 million killed in 6 years (20 million
  plus in Soviet Union)
  
• Underlying cause of WWII?
• WWII ends - Cold War begins

42
Holocaust

• Hitler believed that Jews, Gypsies, Negroes, and
  Homosexuals were all parasites trying to destroy
  the Aryan race.

43
Holocaust

• 1933- Hitler in Power
• - Nuremberg laws (1935)
• Jan 1939- Madagascar Solution
• - Jewish refugees turned away
• 1.20.1941- Final Solution
• - extermination
• - graves of Soviet Union Poland
• - concentration camps
• 1. Auschwitz (poison gas / cremation)

44
Holocaust (continue)

• Medical experiments
• 6 million Jews killed
• 4 million Gypsies other minorities killed

45
Nazi death camp
46

• They came for the Communists, and I didn't object
  - For I wasn't a Communist They came for the
  Socialists, and I didn't object - For I wasn't a
  SocialistThey came for the labor leaders, and I
  didn't object - For I wasn't a labor leaderThey
  came for the Jews, and I didn't object - For I
  wasn't a JewThen they came for me - And there
  was no one left to object.
• - Martin Niemoller, German Protestant Pastor,
  1892-1984