International Air Fares

1
International Air Fares
2
Flight Itinerary Terms
3
Ticket point of travel are those cities on a
flight itinerary where the passenger either
enplanes (boards an aircraft) or deplanes (gets
off an aircraft)
PAR
NYC
CAS
CAI
DEL
4
Flight Itinerary Terms

• Origin (???????????)
• Destination(????????????)
• Outward Destination(?????????????????)
• Outbound Sector(?????????????????)
• Inbound (return) sector(??????????????????)
• Intermediate city(???????????????)
• Connecting city (???????????????)
• Stopover city(????????????)

5
Origin The city where the journey begin
PAR
NYC
CAS
CAI
DEL
6
Destination The final or ultimate stopping place
PAR
NYC
CAS
CAI
DEL
7
Outward Destination The city located the
furthest in distance from the origin
PAR
NYC
CAS
CAI
DEL
8
Outbound sector the portion of Itinerary from
the origin to and including the outward
destination.
PAR
NYC
CAS
CAI
DEL
9
Inbound sector the portion of Itinerary from the
outward destination to the final destination.
PAR
NYC
CAS
CAI
DEL
10
Intermediate city Any ticket point of travel
between the origin and outward destination
PAR
NYC
CAS
CAI
DEL
11
Connecting city An intermediate city on the
itinerary where the passenger is required to
transfer flight, with no more than 24 hours
between flight
PAR
NYC
CAS
CAI
DEL
12
Example Connecting City

• AF212 12JUN JFK CDG 445PM 435AM(June13)
• AF552 13JUN CDG DEL 830PM 1145AM(June14)

13
Stopover city A city on the itinerary where the
passenger breaks his or her journey and is
scheduled to depart after more than 24 hours
since the time of arrival.
PAR
NYC
CAS
CAI
DEL
14
Example Stopover city

• TW816 27JUN DEL CAI 430AM 415PM
• AF552 29JUN CAI CMN 915PM 145PM

15
Types of Journeys
16
There are 4 Types of Journeys

• One-Way Trip (?????????????????)
• Round Trip(????????????????)
• Circle Trip (??????????????????)
• Open-Jaw Trip (?????????????????)

17
One-Way Trip (?????????????????)

• A one-way journey is a continuous trip from the
  origin to a different final destination, without
  a return to the city of origin.
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
• NYC..(AF).PAR
• MIA.....(UA)RIO(RG).BUE

18
Round Trip (????????????????)

• A round trip is a journey via a continuously
  charged air route that returns to the same city
  as the point of origin, and the base fare amount
  and the general fare type are the same in both
  directions.
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??? ? ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????

19
Circle Trip (??????????????????)

• A circle trip is a journey via a continuously
  charged air route that returns to the same city
  as the point of origin but does not qualify as a
  round trip.
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??? ? ???????????????????????????????????/????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????

20
Open-Jaw Trip (?????????????????)

• An open-jaw trip is an incomplete round or circle
  trip, which is not completely closed because of a
  surface (non-air) segment within the itinerary.
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? 2 ?????????
• Turnaround open-jaw-????????????????????????
• Origin open-jaw- ???????????????????????

21
Categories of International Air Fares

• ???????????????????????????????????

22
Restrictions Explanation ????????????????????????
??????????????????????? 5 ??????

• Stopovers
• Validity
• Minimum Stay
• Maximum Stay
• Advance Purchase
• Change Penalty
• Cancellation Penalty

23
Stopovers (?????????????)

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????? (Origin)
  ????????????????????????????? (Outward
  Destination)
• ????????????????????????? 1-2 ?????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????

24
Validity- ??????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????(minimum stay)
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  (maximum stay)
• Minimum stay ???????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? 7 ?????????????????????????????
  ?
• Maximum Stay- ????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????? ????????????????????? ????????? 2
  ????????????????????????

25
Change Penalty-???????????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? 150 USD ???????

26
Advance Purchase- ??????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????
• ?????????????????????????????? Instant-purchase
  Fares ???????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????? (????????) ????????????????????
  ?? 2 ??? ???????

27
Cancellation Penalty-?????????????????????????????
?

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????? ????
  ???????????????????????????????????? 150
  USD???????????????????????????(nonrefundable type
  fares) ??????????????????????? 100

28
Five fare Categories

1. Normal - ???????
2. Restricted Normal - ?????????????????
3. Standard Excursion- ?????????? ??-????
4. Advance-Purchase Excursion (APEX)-?????-??????????
   ???????????
5. Nonrefundable-????????????

29
Normal Fare ???????

• ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ?????? ????????????????? 1
  ??????????????????

30
Restricted Normal Fare-?????????????????

• ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ?? 1-2 ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????? 1
  ?? ?????????????????????

31
Standard Excursion Fare(EE) ????????????-????

• ?????????????? 3 ?????????
• ??????????????????????????(round trip)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????? (minimum stay
  and maximum stay)

32
Advance-Purchase Excursion Fare (APEX)-
??????????????????????????????????????

1. ??????????????????????????(round trip)
2. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
   
3. ??????????????????????????????? (minimum stay
   and maximum stay)
4. ????????????????????????????????????????????????
5. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
   ?
6. ???????????????????????????????????

33
Nonrefundable Fare ????????????

• ??????????????-????????????(round trip)
• ??????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????? (minimum stay and
  maximum stay)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????
• ??????????????????????

34
Fare Category Travel Restrictions Travel Restrictions Travel Restrictions Travel Restrictions Travel Restrictions
Fare Category Stopovers Validity Min/Max Advance Ticket Purchase Change Penalty Cancellation Penalty
Normal Unlimited No No No No
Restricted Normal Limited No No No No
Standard Excursion Limited Yes No No No
Advance-Purchase Excursion Limited or None Yes Yes Yes Yes
Nonrefundable None Yes Yes Yes Yes/100
35
Other Types of Discounted Fares -
?????????????????????

• Negotiated Fares
• Consolidator Fare
• Airline discount coupons
• Passenger-type discounts

36
Negotiated fares

• Are special discounted prices that have been
  established between a company and an airline or
  between travel agency and an airline.
• On designated route or those route that are
  travel frequently by companys employees

37
Consolidator Fare

• Consolidator is an outlet for airline tickets.
• Consolidator purchase airline seats in volume at
  a discount and then resells those seats at a
  small markup but still below normal retail
  price.

38
Airline coupons

• There are hundreds of different coupons
  distributed by airlines with different rules and
  restrictions of travel.

39
Passenger Type discounts

• Certain type of Passenger may qualify for
  discounted travel base on who they are.
• Ex Senior citizens, government officials,
  children under 2 years of age etc.

40
International Fare-Type Codes ????????????????????
??????????
41
????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????
  fare-type-code ????fare-basis-codes
• ???????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????? Fare
  Basis

42
Code Elements- ??????????????????????????????
??????????? 7 ??????????

• Primary Class of service code ???????????????????
  ???????????????????? PRIME CODE
• Part of year (seasonality) code ???? SEASON CODE
  ?????????????
• Part of week code ????????????????????????????????
  ???
• Part of day code ???????????????????????????????
• Fare- and passenger type code ???????????????????
  ?????????????????
• Validity- ????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????
• Fare level identifier- ????????????????

43
1.PRIME CODE- ????????????????????????

• ????????????????? (mandatory) ?????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????(
  class of service) ????????????????(booking
  code)?????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????
• ??????????? First Class Category ??????????? R,
  P, F, A
• ??????????? Business Class Category ???????????
  J, C, D, I, Z
• ??????????? Economy Class Category ??????????? W,
  S, Y, B, H, K, L, M, N, Q, T, V,X

44
2. Seasonal Code- ??????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• H High ???? Peak season- ???????????????????????
• O Mid/Shoulder Season- ????????????????
• K Mid/Shoulder Season- ????????????????
• L Low/Off-Peak season- ????????????????????????

45
3. Part of Week Code- ???????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????
• W Weekend/ High
• H Weekend/ High
• X Weekday/ Low
• L Weekday/Low

46
4.Part of Day Code- ???????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ????????????????? ???????????? ???????????
  ?????????????????????????
• ??????????????
• N Night/ Off-Peak

47
5. Fare and Passenger-Type Code
???????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????
• ??????????????????????????????????

• IP Instance-Purchase Fare
• NR Nonrefundable Fare
• PX Instant Purchase Excursion (PEX Fare)
• AD Agent
• DG Government Official
• ID Air Industry Employee
• SC Ship Crew
• SD Student

• AB Advance-Purchase Fare(Lowest-Super APEX)
• AN Nonrefundable APEX
• AP Advance Purchase Fare
• CD Senior Citizen Discount
• EE Standard Excursion
• IN Infant Fare
• CH Child Fare

48
6. Validity Indicator- ??????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????? (maximum
  stay)????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• 45 Number of days
• 60 Number of days
• 1M Number of months (1 ?????)
• 6M Number of months(6 ?????)

49
7. Fare Level Identifier ????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????
• 1 Highest level
• 2 2nd Highest level
• 3 3rd Highest level

50
Example BLAP3M

• B Economy Discounted
• L Low or Off peak season
• AP Advance purchase fare
• 3M the maximum stay is 3 months

51
Exercise

1. HWAP60
2. MHWPX6M
3. QKWAN30
4. LHHAB1M
5. BLEE6M

52
Fare Calculation System

• Routing System
• Mileage System

53
Routing System

• The Routing System restricts the passenger to
  travel on specific carriers or combination of
  carriers through specific connecting or stopover
  cities. In general, the least expensive fare
  categories such as non refundable and APEX fares
  are usually based on routing System

54
Mileage System

• The mileage system is based on the number of air
  miles the passenger flies between the origin and
  the outward destination (furthest point). The
  more expensive fare categories such as normal,
  restricted normal, and standard excursion fares
  are based on the mileage system.

55
Fare CalculationTerms

• - Point-to-Point Fare
• - Through Fare
• - Joint Fare

56
Point-to-Point Fare

• Charge a fare to each stopover point or city on
  the routing
• ex a passenger is flying on the circle-trip
  itinerary
• Fare use in Low Cost Airlines

57
Through Fare

• Is published fare between two cities over an
  intermediate connecting city. A fare is not
  charged to or from a connecting city.
• Through fare are always calculated for on-line
  connection.

58
Joint Fare

• A joint fare is charge when a passenger is
  travelling on an off-line connection (connecting
  between two different airlines)
• A joint fare is an established fare between two
  stopover point using two different carriers
  through a specific connecting city.
• Sometime is the same as through fare
• Sometime may be more expensive.
• Joint fare on off-line connections are infrequent

59
International Country and Currency Code

• By International Standard Organization (ISO)
• Currency code is a three-letter code

60
International Taxes and Fees

• ????????????????????????

61
Definitions

• TAX An impost for raising revenue for the
  general treasury and which will be used for
  general public purposes.
• CHARGE An impost for raising revenue for
  specific aviation-related facilities or services
• FEE Another name for Tax or Charge depending
  upon what the revenue is used for as defined
  above.

62
Types of taxes and charges

1. Airport Taxes (AT)
2. Freight and Cargo Charges(FC)
3. Passenger Charges (PC)
4. Stamp Taxes (ST)
5. Ticket Taxes (TT)
6. Air Waybill Taxes (WT)
7. Miscellaneous Taxes (MT)

63
Airport Taxes (AT1)

• Taxes which are paid directly by passengers to a
  collecting authority at an airport, hotel, city
  terminal, etc. and which are not related to the
  sale of a ticket.
• International departure
• Domestic departure
• Airport arrival

64
Freight and Cargo Charges

• Charges related to the cost of providing cargo
  facilities an/or services at an airport.

65
Passenger Charges

• Charge related to the cost of providing passenger
  facilities and/or services at an airport.
• Some paid by passengers
• Some paid by airlines

66
Stamp Taxes

• Taxes for a stamp which is affixed to or
  impressed on ticket, boarding pass, air waybill,
  etc. to indicate that the tax has been paid.

67
Ticket Taxes

• Taxes which are collected at time of ticket sale
  and which appear in tax box of ticket or which
  are included in the price of a ticket.

68
Air Waybill Taxes

• Taxes which are collected at time of iar waybill
  sale and which appear in the tax box of an air
  waybill or which are included in the price of an
  air waybill.

69
Miscellaneous taxes

• Any other taxes which do not correspond to any of
  the above classifications (such as Value Added
  Tax on airport charges, security surcharge, etc.)