Power System Control Centers: Future Trends Revised 11606

1
Power System Control Centers Future
Trends(Revised 1-16-06)

• Chen-Ching Liu
• Iowa State University
• F. F. Wu, K. Moslehi and A. Bose, Power System
  Control Centers Past, Present and Future,
  Proceedings of the IEEE, Nov. 2005, pp. 1890-1908.

2
Evolution of Control Centers

• More computer applications after 1965 Northeast
  blackout
• Security applications in 1970s
• State estimation and security analysis
  capabilities are common today
• Early computer are specialized real time
  processors with back up

3
Evolution (Conti)

• PCs become more popular for control centers in
  1980s
• Deregulation waves in 1990s led to formation of
  ISOs
• Further efforts to establish RTOs
• Electricity markets formed around the world in
  1990s and 2000s.

4
Control Centers in a Market Environment

5
Different Roles

• ISO / RTO
• Generation companies
• Load serving entities
• Control centers at different levels play
  different roles

6
SCADA / AGC

• Load frequency control
• Load forecasting
• RTU Communication

7
Network Applications

• Applications
• Topology processor
• State estimation
• Contingency analysis
• Voltage stability
• Power flow

8
Data Warehouse

• Operational
• Real time
• Historical

9
Market Applications

• Bilateral transactions management
• Security constrained economic dispatch
• Security constrained unit commitment
• Locational Marginal Price
• Load forecast
• Outage management
• Compliance monitoring

10
Market Infrastructure

• Bidding and schedule management
• Market information publishing

11
Commercial Systems

• Settlements
• Billing and credit
• Metering systems

12
Architecture

• Local area network with PCs or workstations
• Control center to RTU links
• SCADA and EMS applications
• Market participants communicate through Internet

13
Present EMS and BMS Interactions in Control
Centers
14
Changing Environment

• Decentralization
• Integration
• Flexibility
• Openness

15
Decentralization

• Market participants play a role in economic and
  reliability decisions
• Coordination among ISOs
• Coordination among ISO / RTO and market
  participants
• Data and controls become distributed

16
Integration

• Enterprise architecture incorporating
• Control center
• System planning
• Distribution management systems, power plant
  control
• Business processes

17
Flexibility

• Market participants change over time
• Market structures also evolve
• Modular design allows modules to be added,
  deleted or modified

18
Openness

• Dependence on specific vendors is not desirable
• Portable software to run on various hardware and
  software platforms

19
Enabling Technologies

• Communications protocols
• Distributed systems
• Object technology
• Component technology
• Middleware
• Agent technology

20
Distributed Control Center

• Separation of SCADA, EMS and BMS
• IP-Based distributed SCADA
• Standard CIM based distributed data processing
• Middleware based distributed EMS and BMS
  applications

21
Grid Computing and Grid Service

• Clustering of a wide variety of distributed
  resources to be used as a unified resource
• Seamless global aggregation of of resources
• Grid service is a convergence of grid computing
  and web services

22
Future Control Centers

• Ultra-fast data acquisition system
• Greatly expanded applications
• A partner grid of enterprise grids
• Dynamic sharing of computational resources of all
  intelligent devices
• Use of service oriented architecture
• Distributed data acquisition and processing
  services
• Distributed control center applications
• Use of grid services architecture

23
Future Applications

• Market surveillance and contract compliance
• Phasor measurement units (PMUs)
• On-line dynamic security
• Visualization
• Self-healing power grids