Parenting Predictions

1
Parenting Predictions

• Will you limit television? How? How much?
• Will you limit computer time? Content?
• Will you use physical punishment? How and when?
• Should there be laws prohibiting any physical
  punishment?

2

• Will you restrict what your child eats?
• Will you restrict how much your child eats?
• Will you encourage sex-role-appropriate
  behavior in your child?
  

3
Views of Parenting

• Older view unidirectionalparents shape
  children
  
• Newer view reciprocalboth children and parents
  shaped by interaction
  
• Ecological modelmany levels of interaction

4
Parenting Age of Child

• Infancy high control, physical control
• Preschool increase in reasoning, decrease in
  physical control. Parents do scheduling.
  
• School age decrease in time with parents
  parents continue to monitor

5
Baumrinds Parenting Styles

• Authoritarian rigid rules, no backtalk, work
  hard, be tough
  
• Authoritative firm guidelines, but encourage
  independence within guidelines, much verbal
  interaction.
  
• Permissive Neglectful and Indulgent subtypes

6
How do styles shape children?

• Authoritarian socially inept, lack confidence,
  sometimes aggressive
  
• Authoritative good social skills, best
  category
  
• Permissive Neglectful socially incompetent,
  lack self control
  
• Permissive Indulgent lack self control

7
Physical Punishment

• Has immediate effect of changing behavior
• Has later effects of avoidance, fear, anger in
  child
  
• Provides poor role model for handling emotions
• Can lead to abuse

8
Cross-cultural

• Several countries have banned physical
  punishment
  
• Rates of juvenile delinquency, alcohol abuse,
  rape, suicide have gone down
  

9
Physical Child AbuseVastas model

• Cultural/environmental norms
• Parental history of abuse
• Poor parenting skills
• Age-inappropriate expectations
• Child problems
• Socio-situational factors
• Parental hyper-reactivity

10

• Physical punishment can lead to instrumental
  aggression when caretaker is not mad
  
• When parent aroused, can result in irritable
  aggression abuse
  

11
Birth Order

• Interacting factors number of siblings, age
  spacing, sex of siblings, age of parents
  
• Generalizations first borns under more
  pressure, can be more anxious, closer
  relationship to parents
  
• Only child achievement oriented and good
  personality
  
• Middle children more confident than firstborns,
  medium achievement
  

12
Working Mothers

• More positives than negatives
• Good role model for both daughters and sons
• Mothers job matters if fulfilling career,
  good if disliked job, not good
  
• Amount of stress in job matters
• Mothers still do more than half of household
  caretaking work

13
Divorce

• Stay together or split up which is better?
• Depends on how much conflict before and after
  divorce.
  
• Many child problems associated with divorce, but
  some occurred even before divorce
  
• Two years average adjustment time majority of
  children do reasonably well

14
Stepfamilies

• Stress of adjustment, especially if both parents
  bring children to blended family
  
• Boundary Ambiguitynew stepparents often shy
  away from too much control
  
• Difficulty dealing with children one reason
  divorce rates higher for second than first
  marriages
  

15
Gay Lesbian Parents

• Legal aspects being explored in many states now,
  such as gay marriage
  
• Child development not very different compared to
  heterosexual parents adjustment, popularity,
  likelihood of being heterosexual themselves