Effective Training Techniques

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Effective Training Techniques

• Mark A. Hernandez, CHST

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Presentation outline

• Most frequent cited standards 2011
• Training requirements for General Industry
• Other training references Blooms Taxonomy
  ANSI Z 490.1
• ASSE Professional Safety Articles on Effective
  Training Techniques
• OSHA Construction Trainer resources and
  requirements
• OSHA Resources

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Top 10 MFC standards in FY 2011 (1910)
Standards Total Violations
1. 19101200 Hazard Communication 5,521
2. 1910.147 Lockout/Tagout 3,595
3. 1910.305 Electrical, Wiring Methods 3,551
4. 1910.178 Powered Industrial Trucks 3,192
5. 1910.134 Respiratory Protection 3,125
6. 1910.303 Electrical, General Requirements 2,831
7. 1910.212 - Machine Guarding 2,718
8. 1910.132 Personal Protective Equipment 1,855
9. 1904.029 Recordkeeping, Forms 1,719
10. 1910.219 Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus 1,644
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Training Pay now or pay later

• According to Broad Newstrom in 1992, an
  estimated 50 Billion was spent on formal
  training, with another 90 120 Billion on
  structured training.
• ASTD estimated in 2010, that US organizations
  spent 125.88 Billion dollars on training.

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OSHAs VPP Program Elements

• In VPP, management, labor, and OSHA work
  cooperatively and proactively to prevent
  fatalities, injuries, and illnesses through a
  system focused on hazard prevention and control
  worksite analysis training and management
  commitment and worker involvement.

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Blooms Taxonomy

• In 1780 Abigail Adams stated, "Learning is not
  attained by chance it must be sought for with
  ardor and attended to with diligence"
• Although it received little attention when first
  published in 1956, Bloom's Taxonomy has since
  been translated into 22 languages and is one of
  the most widely applied and most often cited
  references in education.

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Blooms Taxonomy

• Creating can the student create new product or
  point of view?
• Evaluating can the student justify a stand or
  decision?
• Analyzing can the student distinguish between
  the different parts?
• Applying can the student use the information in
  a new way?
• Understanding can the student explain ideas or
  concepts?
• Remembering can the student recall or remember
  the information?

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ANSI Z490.1 Criteria for AcceptedPractices in
Safety, Health Environmental Training

• 1.1 Scope - This Standard establishes criteria
  for safety, health, and environmental training
  programs, including
• development,
• delivery,
• evaluation, and
• program management.

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ANSI Z490.1 Criteria for Accepted Practices in
Safety, Health Environmental Training

• 3.2 The training program shall, at a minimum,
  include the following elements
• - training development, including needs
  assessment,
• - learning objectives,
• - course content and format,
• - resource materials, and
• - criteria for course completion (see Section 4
  of this Standard)

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ANSI Z490.1 Criteria for Accepted Practices in
Safety, Health Environmental Training

• 3. Training Program Administration and
  Management
• training delivery by Competent Trainers in a
  suitable training environment (see Section 5 of
  this Standard)
• training evaluation and a continuous improvement
  system

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Effective training Case Study (Oil Gas)

• 1. Compelling content
• Must be interesting, credible, and compelling.
  Lessons learned proved to be significant
  (relevant story).
• Use Adult learning theories.
• 2. Identify the players
• The Master in the group to act as a narrator
  for video, describing task and potential hazards.

Source ASSE Professional Safety March 2011
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(No Transcript)
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Pareto Principle Background

• In 1906, Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto
  created a mathematical formula to describe the
  unequal distribution of wealth in his country,
  observing that twenty percent of the people owned
  eighty percent of the wealth. In the late 1940s,
  Dr. Joseph M. Juran inaccurately attributed the
  80/20 Rule to Pareto, calling it Paretos
  Principle. While it may be misnamed, Paretos
  Principle or Paretos Law as it is sometimes
  called, can be a very effective tool to help you
  manage effectively.

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Pareto Principle How to Implement

• Determine which people are the top 20 producers
• Spend 80 of your people time with the top 20
• Spend 80 of your personnel development dollars
  on the top 20
• Ask the top 20 to do on-the-job training for
  the next 20 (Multiply vs. Growth)

Source John C. Maxwell
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Greatest Motivational Principle People Do what
People See

• Step 1 I do it.
• Step 2 I do it and youre with me.
• Step 3 You do it and Im with you.
• Step 4 You do it.
• Step 5 You do it and someone is with you.
• Compounding (Multiplication) happens when you
  equip someone who equips someone else.

Source John C. Maxwell
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Effective training Case Study

• 3. Avoid Common Mistakes
• Do not use professional actors, the CEO for
  videos. The worker knows much more about the job
  than an outsider.
• Best choice for the master trainer is the person
  who looks the part and speaks with occupational
  (not organizational) authority. (Master/Maestro)
• Use language that is understood by the workers
  and is a cultural insider.

Source ASSE Professional Safety March 2011
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• The Training Process According to Kline (1985)
• Training emphasizes the psychomotor domain of
  learning. Training that is done in the cognitive
  domain is generally at the knowledge level or
  lower part of the comprehension level. Education,
  on the other hand, teaches a minimum of
  psychomotor skills. It concentrates instead on
  the cognitive domain, especially the higher
  cognitive levels. (ie. High comprehension above)

Source ASSE Professional Safety August 2011
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• Adult Learners retain
• 20 of what they read and hear
• 40 of what they See
• 50 of what they Say
• 60 of what they Do
• (People do what people See)

For Trainer

• Building Rapport (Connecting)
• 38 Tonality
• 55 Physiology
• 7 Words

Source ASSE Professional Safety August 2011
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• Talk
• All kinds monologues, dialogues, discussions,
  debates, interviews promotes creative and
  critical thinking.
• Lecturing is the most common form of training
  only 20 what is heard is retained.
• 2. Role Playing
• Based on believability of scenario and
  participants -will gain life interpersonal
  skills.

Source ASSE Professional Safety August 2011
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 3. Group Projects with single response
• Break-out into 3 or 4 groups, give a scenario
  with same question, ea. group responds to 2
  questions, and has a time-limit for answers. Each
  group will deliver their responses.
• 4. Group Project with Individual responses
• Similar to 3., with instructor choosing one
  person and each person writes their own answers.

Source ASSE Professional Safety August 2011
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 5. Group Examination
• Each group has a different scenarios and
  questions, each group give outcomes.
• 6. Accelerated Learning
• A combination of games or activities which
  involves imaginary and all of the senses in order
  to create a rich memorable moment (ex. Bingo).

Source ASSE Professional Safety August 2011
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 7. Student Demonstrations Show what they know
• Allow students who know or are proficient in a
  specific area (Maestro/Master) and allow that
  person the opportunity to show their proficiency
  by allowing five minutes to demonstrate skill.
• 8. Peer Coaching
• One-on-One observe work and give positive
  feedback

Source ASSE Professional Safety August 2011
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 9. Guided Discussions
• This method is useful when a trainer is trying
  to help students develop their ability to asses a
  situation and think on their feet
• Thinking is the hardest a person can do that is
  why so few engage in it. Henry Ford

Source ASSE Professional Safety August 2011
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 10. Simulations
• A training environment set up to produce a
  comprehensive workplace-like experience.
• 11. Storytelling
• The single most effective training is telling
  relevant stories and having students reflect on
  them (Blair Seo. 2007)
• Reflection Experience Insight John C.
  Maxwell

Source ASSE Professional Safety August 2011
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 11. Storytelling Cullen (2007) Four types
• Hero Stories larger than life characters who
  saves another worker or prevents a crisis.
• Villain stories one who is opposite of hero and
  causes the loss of life or crisis.

Source ASSE Professional Safety August 2011
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 11. Storytelling Cullen (2007) Four types
• Adventure stories tell of a specific event
  drama.
• Fool stories character who does things wrong
  and creates loss of life or crisis.

Source ASSE Professional Safety August 2011
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Les Browns 3 step process of giving value in a
story

• a. Distract From the present story they are
  currently listening to (emotionally, mentally,
  physically etc.)
• b. Dispute Strategy to have individual back-away
  from their present limited belief. Having a good
  strategy makes you stand out.
• c. Inspire To Behave different differently.
  Inspire to do more, challenge, think outside
  their present thinking add value. Dont simply
  tell it, Experience it. Only then will you draw
  the audience in with you by using your emotions,
  tone, and body language. You want to take the
  audience there and experience the moment with you
  thats connecting.

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Reflection

• Blooms Taxonomy ANSI Z490.1 are resources for
  developing clear learning objectives and training
  that is understood.
• Create an environment conducive for the employees
  growth.
• Identify Influencers in the group and equip them
  to Multiply others.
• Engage critical thinking and challenge limited
  belief systems with any of the groups discussions
  or questions. This will also increase
  communication, life, and inter-personal skills.
• Use Storytelling as a way to Inform, Challenge,
  and Inspire employees.

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We is the Key!
WE IS THE KEY!
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Other Resources

1. Everyone Communicates, Few Connect. John C.
   Maxwell
2. Tribal Leadership Levering groups to Build a
   Thinking Organization Dr. Dave Logan
3. StandOut Marcus Buckingham
4. Blooms Taxonomy http//www.odu.edu/educ/roverbau/
   Bloom/blooms_taxonomy.htm
5. Les Brown video http//tellyourstory.lesbrown.com
   /fe/11655-how-to-tell-your-story-series?ry

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Quotes

• If you know the Why, you can live any How
  Friedrich Nietzsche
• Leadership is nothing more nothing less than
  Influence John C. Maxwell
• Trust is the foundation of Influence Stephen
  Covey
• Change is inevitable, Growth is Optional - JCM
• Only wet babies like change, the rest of us
  resist it Scott Faye
• People do what People see JCM
• People dont care what you know until you show
  them that you care. - JCM

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OSHA Training resources

• Employee training must be provided in a language
  that employees understand https//www.osha.gov/de
  p/OSHA-training-standards-policy-statement.pdf
• OSHA Construction training http//www.osha.gov/dt
  e/outreach/construction/index.html
• Intro to OSHA http//www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/te
  achingaids.html
• Construction Focus 4 http//www.osha.gov/dte/outr
  each/construction/focus_four/index.html
• Susan Harwood Grants http//www.osha.gov/dte/gran
  t_materials/material_listing_topic.html

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GHS Compliance Assistance Resources

• Background http//www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/global.
  html
• http//www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_re
  v02/02files_e.html
• GHS PPT http//www.osha.gov/dcsp/alliances/schc/s
  ilk_schc_sept05/index.html
• Interp http//www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.sh
  ow_document?p_tableINTERPRETATIONSp_id27218
• Facts on Aligning http//www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb
  /owadisp.show_document?p_tableINTERPRETATIONSp_i
  d27218

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Heat Stress Fall Prevention Campaign

• Heat Stress http//www.osha.gov/SLTC/heatillness/
  index.html
• Fall Prevention http//www.osha.gov/stopfalls/ind
  ex.html

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NFPA 70E 2012 video updates

• NTT http//www.nttinc.com/free-resources/webinars
  /webinar-nfpa-70e-how-2012-updates-effect-you
• Loos Co. Significant Case
• http//www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_docum
  ent?p_tableNEWS_RELEASESp_id21327

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Safety Resources

• Business Case for Safety http//www.osha.gov/SLTC
  /etools/safetyhealth/index.html
• http//www.osha.gov/dcsp/products/topics/businessc
  ase/index.html
• OSHCON http//www.tdi.state.tx.us/wc/safety/oshco
  n.htmlWrittenPrograms
• Safety Pays http//www.osha.gov/dcsp/smallbusines
  s/safetypays/index.html

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OSHA Compliance Assistance Resources

• Quick Takes
• http//www.osha.gov/as/opa/quicktakes/index.html
• Compliance Assistance Quick Start 1910, 1926,
  Healthcare, Hispanic https//www.osha.gov/dcsp/
  compliance_assistance/quickstarts/index.html
• OSHA Publications https//www.osha.gov/pls/public
  ations/publication.html
• BLS Incident Rate calculator
• http//data.bls.gov8080/IIRC/?data_toolIIRC

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Mark A. Hernandez, Certified Speaker, Trainer,
Coach markhernandez_at_johnmaxwellgroup.com,
832-597-5474 http//www.johnmaxwellgroup.com/markh
ernandez/
Connect with me LinkedIn http//www.linkedin.com
/in/mahernandez Facebook mark.hernandez Twitter
https//twitter.com/!/marka_hernandez
Lead Yourself Multiply Others!
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Join SPALW

• Celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month in September
  The Safety Professionals and the Latino Workforce
  (SPLAW) common interest group would like to offer
  members the opportunity to join SPLAW for only
  5! In addition to your ASSE membership join
  SPLAW to review research, discuss ideas and
  suggestions for implementation, network and much
  more.
• Join online and use coupon code 1209SPALW to get
  your discount. Offer good through September 30,
  2012. Discount is for online orders only and
  applicable to new common interest group
  membership only (not renewals).
• Member link www.asse.org/JoinGroups
• SPALW website www.asse.org/spalw