GOAL EIGHT 8.02

1
GOAL EIGHT8.02

• The Great War and Its Aftermath
• (1914-1930)
• The learner will analyze United States
  involvement in World War I and the wars
  influence on international affairs during the
  1920s.
• Identify political and military turning points of
  the war and determine their significance to the
  outcome of the conflict.

2
John J. Pershing - (1860-1948)

• military leader. In 1916 Pershing led a difficult
  punitive expedition of eleven thousand men
  against Pancho Villa in Mexico. As commander of
  the American Expeditionary Forces in France
  during World War I, he organized and trained the
  American forces, which eventually numbered 2
  million, and led them in action at
  Chateau-Thierry, Belleau Wood, St. Mihiel, and
  Meuse-Argonne. Pershing returned from the war a
  hero, and Congress created a new rank for him,
  general of the armies. He served as army chief of
  staff from 1921 to 1924. His book, My Experiences
  in the World War (1931), won a Pulitzer Prize for
  history in 1932.

3
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

• the American fighting force sent to Europe
  between June 1917 and November 1918 during World
  War I. Commanded by Gen. John Pershing, more than
  2 million Americans, called doughboys, landed in
  Europe before the war ended.

4
Trench Warfare

• military operations in which the opposing forces
  attack and counterattack from systems of
  fortified ditches rather than on an open
  battlefield

5
No Mans Land

• an unoccupied region between opposing armies
  anything that moved in this area would most
  likely be fired on

6
Mustard gas

• poisonous gas used by the German army caused
  suffocation, burns, and death to anyone who
  didnt have a gas mask

7
Doughboys

• name given to American soldiers during World War
  I. The name may have come from the large brass
  buttons on the uniforms of Union soldiers in the
  Civil War they were said to resemble doughboys,
  a flour dumpling cooked in soup. Soldiers in
  France used the name because they resented being
  called "Sammies" and "Teddies."

8
Armistice

• a truce, or agreement to end an armed conflict
• Cease-fire

9
Fourteen Points (1-5, 14)

• points 1-5 dealt with issues that Wilson felt had
  to be addressed to prevent another war included
  no secret treaties, freedom of the seas, economic
  barriers, arms, and colonial policies
• Point 14 called for the creation of an
  international peace organization known as the
  League of Nations

10
The Big Four

• American president Woodrow Wilson
• French premier Georges Clemenceau
• British prime minister David Lloyd George
• Italian prime minister Vittorio Orlando

11
Peace without victory

• Woodrow Wilsons speech to the US Senate on the
  outcome of World War I

12
Russian and Bolshevik Revolution1917

• revolution in which V. I. Lenin came into power
  and implemented Communism

13
Treaty of Versailles

• treaty that ended World War I included a
  war-guilt clause in which Germany would take all
  the blame for starting the war and pay
  reparations of 33 billion

14
League of Nations

• international peace organization endorsed by
  Wilson but held little international power
  because the US did not join

15
Henry Cabot Lodge

• leader of conservative senators who opposed
  certain provisions of the League of Nations that
  involved joint economic and military action
  against aggression wanted the constitutional
  right of Congress to declare war

16
17th Amendment

• ratified April 8, 1913
• provided for the direct election of Senators

17
18th Amendment

• ratified January 16, 1919
• established prohibition of alcohol later
  repealed by the 21st Amendment

18
19th Amendment

• ratified June 4, 1919
• gave women the right to vote ended a long
  struggle for womens suffrage
  
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