Warm Up

1
Warm Up

• Independently, look at the map on page 500
• Answer the geography skills questions

2
World War I

• 5.02

3
Reading

• Independently, read the selection, Well Be Home
  for Christmas on page123 in the Treasures of the
  World books
  
• Answer the Discussing the Reading questions

4
Illusions and Stalemate

• Government propaganda had stirred up national
  hatreds before the war began
  
• Propaganda is ideas spread to influence public
  opinion for or against a cause
  
• Most people seemed convinced that their countrys
  cause was just
  
• Almost everyone believed the war would be over in
  a few weeks

5
Illusions and Stalemate

• Germanys hope for a quick victory rested on
  their Schlieffen Plan
  
• The Germans launched an offensive into Belgium
  and were within sight of Paris
  
• The German advance was halted at the First Battle
  of the Marne
  
• To stop the German advance, the French loaded two
  thousand taxi cabs with troops and sent them to
  the front

6
Illusions and Stalemate

• The war quickly turned into a stalemate as
  neither side was able to gain an advantage over
  the other
  
• Trenches started to be dug for protection
• Trenches ran from the English Channel to
  Switzerland
  
• The Western Front became bogged down in trench
  warfare that kept both sides in the same position
  for years

7
Illusions and Stalemate

• The fighting on the Eastern Front was marked by
  mobility
  
• At the beginning of the war, Russian troops moved
  into Eastern Germany
  
• They were soundly defeated at the Battle of
  Tannenberg and the Battle of Masurian Lakes
  
• The Russians were no longer a threat to German
  territory

8
Illusions and Stalemate

• The Russians had more success against
  Austria-Hungary
  
• After the Battle of Galicia, the Austrians were
  forced out of Serbia
  
• At the same time, the Italians joined the Allied
  Powers instead of Austria-Hungary

9
Illusions and Stalemate

• By this time, the Germans came to the aid of
  their Austrian allies
  
• Russian troops were pushed out of Serbia and back
  into their own territory
  
• Bulgaria joined the Central Powers and Serbia was
  taken out of the war
  
• The Germans could no concentrate most of their
  efforts in the west

10
The Great Slaughter

• The trenches on the Western Front had become
  elaborate systems of defense
  
• Barbed wire protected the trenches
• Concrete machine gun and artillery emplacements
  were built
  
• Troops lived in holes separated by a strip of
  land called no mans land

11
The Great Slaughter

• Military leaders had not been trained to fight a
  stationary battle
  
• Before the troops were sent in, the enemy trench
  lines were bombarded by artillery
  
• The artillery barrages were an attempt to flatten
  the enemys barbed wire

12
The Great Slaughter

• After the artillery bombardment, the troops were
  sent in
  
• Thousands of troops charged across no mans land
  in hopes of breaking through the enemy lines
  
• The attacks rarely worked because the attacking
  troops were exposed to the enemys machine guns

13
The Great Slaughter

• In only one year, millions of men died trying to
  achieve the elusive breakthrough
  
• At the Battle of Verdun, hundreds of thousands of
  men died to gain a few miles of land
  
• World War I had become a war of attrition, a war
  based on wearing the other side down with
  constant attacks and heavy losses

14
The Great Slaughter

• By the end of 1915 airplanes appeared on the
  battlefields for the first time
  
• At first, the planes were used to observe enemy
  positions
  
• Eventually the airplanes began to be used to
  attack enemy positions
  
• The planes would also engage each other in aerial
  combat

15
Widening of the War

• The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in
  1914
  
• The Allies tried opening a second front in the
  Balkans by landing troops at Gallipoli
  
• After suffering severe losses, the Allies were
  forced to withdraw
  
• British forces in the Middle East encouraged
  people to rise up against the Ottoman Empire
  
• Japan and Australia seized German colonies in the
  Pacific

16
Entry of the US

• At first the US tried to remain neutral, but it
  became more and more difficult to do so
  
• In May of 1915 a British passenger liner,
  Lusitania was sunk by a German submarine
  
• Over 1,100 civilians died, 128 of which were
  Americans

17
Entry of the US

• After US protests, Germany halted its
  unrestricted submarine warfare
  
• By January of 1917, the Germans were eager to
  break the stalemate and resumed unrestricted
  submarine warfare
  
• Kaiser William II was told the British would be
  starved into surrendering before the US could get
  involved

18
Entry of the US

• The Germans also tried to secretly negotiate an
  alliance with Mexico with the Zimmerman Note
  
• According to the Zimmerman Note, if Mexico joined
  the Central Powers, Germany would help them
  regain Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico
  
• The telegram was intercepted by the British and
  published in newspapers across the US

19
Entry of the US

• Americans were outraged
• Due to the Zimmerman Note and German unrestricted
  submarine warfare, the US entered WWI on the side
  of the Allies
  
• US troops did not arrive in large numbers until
  1918
  
• However, the entry of the US gave the Allies a
  psychological boost as well as a new source for
  money and supplies

20
The Home Front

• As WWI dragged on it became a total war
• A total war involved complete mobilization of a
  countrys resources and people
  
• As a result of total war, the power of the
  governments increased

21
The Home Front
Draft instituted
Rationing
Regulation of industry
Impact of Total War on the Home Front
Price, wage, and rent controls
Regulation of imports and exports
Takeover of transportation
22
Group Activity

• New technology led to the high casualties of WWI
  
  
• The class will be divided into 6 groups
• Each group will be given a weapon from WWI
• The group will present a poster on the weapon
• The poster will include
• A description of the weapon
• Impact weapon had on WWI
• Picture of weapon

23
Group Activity

• Copy the chart on the following slide into your
  notes
  
• Leave one person at your poster to explain it to
  the other groups
  
• Everyone else will visit the other groups and
  fill out their charts

24
(No Transcript)