Center for Integrating Research and Learning

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Center for Integrating Research and Learning

• National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Florida State University Tallahassee, FL
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Research Experience for Teachers
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The History of Refrigeration

• Monique Quinones and Jennifer Rogers
• Under the Direction of Dr. Eric Palm

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Research Experience Goals

• Identify refrigerants
• Discover the Magnet Labs uses of refrigeration
• Understanding Refrigeration

• Research the origins of refrigeration
• Explore technological advances of refrigerants
• Create a link between our research and the
  classroom

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Why Study Refrigeration?

• Refrigerants are an essential part of magnet
  operation
• Refrigeration and air conditioning play important
  roles in modern life.

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Identify Refrigerants

• Air
• Water (ice)
• Ammonia
• Sulfuric Acid
• Carbon Dioxide
• Ethyl Chloride
• Ether
• Methyl Chloride
• Hydrocarbons
• Liquid Nitrogen
• Liquid Helium
• Liquid Ethane

• Halocarbons
• Chlorofluorocarbons
• Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
• gtWorking refrigerants in refrigerators, air
  conditioners, and blowing agents in foams
• gtNow being regulated due to contribution to
  ozone depletion

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Refrigeration Used in the Laboratory Setting
Cryogenics is the study and manipulation of
materials at extremely low temperatures.
LN Dewar
LN Dewar
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• Using Liquid Helium to cool super conducting
  magnets
• 3 HE 4 HE is used to cool to 0.020K

Super Cool!
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The Birth of Refrigeration

• John Gorrie, physician, scientist, inventor, and
  humanitarian, is considered the father of
  refrigeration and air-conditioning.

• Discovered that rapidly expanding gases resulted
  in cooling.

Dr. Gorrie may have also invented the ice cube
tray in its current form.
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Dr. Gorries Misconceptions Led to Invention

• Gorrie was studying yellow fever and its effects
  on the average person.
• He became convinced that cold was the healer, so
  he experimented with ways to try and cool his
  patients down.
• He didnt know that yellow fever was carried
  through mosquitoes.

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Gorrie sealed off all of the openings of the
patients room and suspended an ice basin from
the ceiling so that cold air flowed down from the
ceiling.
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• Gorrie gave up his medical practice to engage in
  time-consuming experimentation with ice making.
• He was granted the first U.S. patent for
  mechanical refrigeration in 1851.

Unfortunately, Gorrie's invention wasnt
commercially embraced until after his death in
1855, and he was unable to capitalize on his
patent.
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Technological uses of Refrigeration

• Ice, brewing, and meatpacking industries
• Metalworking and iron production
• Textile mills and oil refineries
• Manufacturers of paper, drugs, soap, glue, shoe
  polish, perfume, celluloid, and photographic
  materials.
• Fur and woolen goods storage

• Nurseries and florists
• Funeral business
• Hospitality businesses including hotels,
  restaurants, saloons, and soda fountains
• Refrigeration in ammunition factories
• Magnetic Refrigerators
• Cryogenics

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The Classroom Connection

• Process of Inquiry
• P-O-M-Q
• Becoming A Scientist
• Descriptive writing
• Investigations

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Investigations!
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The Gorrie Museum
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In Apalachicola, Florida at the Gorrie Museum
you can find a ¾ scale model of Gorries first
ice machine. Once there, you can also visit the
grave site of John Gorrie and a monument
dedicated in his name.
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Gorrie Goes National
Today, you can find a statue that Nationally
recognizes John Gorrie as one of the state of
Floridas most important historical figures. It
sits in the National Statuary Hall in Washington,
D.C.
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A Special Thank You
We would like to thank Dr. Eric Palm and Timothy
Murphy for all of their support and dedication to
our research experience.
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We Appreciate You!

• Pat Dixon
• Gina Hickey
• Karl Hook
• Gayla Sanders
• Paula Crone
• Ann Spangler
• Educational Media staff