Happy Wednesday!

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Happy Wednesday!

• Turn in your vocab to the black box on my desk
• Look over your notes from last class and get
  ready for the daily quiz

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Daily Quiz

• 1. what were the 3 main motives for European
  Exploration?
• 2. What part of the triangle trade brought
  Africans to the New World?
• 3. What is the transfer of plants, animals and
  diseases between Africa, Europe and the Americas
  called?
• 4. What had the biggest impact on the Native
  population during exploration?
• 5. What were Spanish explorers called?

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Exploration and Colonization

• Jamestown

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Jamestown

• First permanent English settlement in North
  America- 1607
• Joint-stock company- investors pool their money
  to fund the colony
• Virginia Company of London
• Settled by people seeking economic opportunities
• Cavaliers- English nobility who got land grants
  from King of England
• Indentured Servants- agreed to work in exchange
  for passage

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Stop and Think!

• Most people who came to Jamestown were men. What
  problem might that create?

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Rocky Start

• Almost failed due to disease and starvation
• Ultimately succeeded due to Capt. John Smiths
  leadership and tobacco

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Problems

• Everyones looking for gold and profit
• Disease ran rampant from bad water
• Starvation- too many people looking for gold, not
  enough people planting crops
• Relations with the Powhatan Indians- TENSE
• Starving Time- Winter of 1609-1610
• Out of the 500 colonists only 60 survived!!

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Successes

• New settlers arrived in perfect time to save the
  colony
• Tobacco- Brown Gold- introduced by John Rolfe
  in 1612
• Headright System- solved labor issues- 50 acres
  for paying a laborers passage
• Laborer became indentured servant- full passage
  food and shelter in return for 4-7 years of labor
• Low class English but also first Africans
• When numbers declined, African slavery took over
  as primary form of labor
• Established House of Burgesses (1619)- Virginias
  colonial legislature, first representative body
  in North America

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Stop and Think!

• Summarize the Headright System and indentured
  servants. Is it possible this success could
  become a failure? Why or why not?

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Clashes with Native Americans

• Relations with Natives got worse in time
• No intermarriage like the Spanish
• Colonists wanted more land for tobacco, Native
  Americans resisted
• 1622- Opechancanoughs revolt- wiped out 1/3 of
  VA settlers
• Not to mention VA Company was in debt- King James
  revokes the companys charter
• 1624- VA becomes a royal colony- under the direct
  control of the king

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Economic Differences split VA

• Rich v. Poor
• Wealthy Cavaliers in eastern VA-tons of land and
  money-represented by Governor Berkeley
• Former indentured servants in western VA and
  frontier- no land, no money, no protection from
  Natives- represented by Nathaniel Bacon

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Bacons Rebellion

• Poor whites in west (including former indentured
  servants) revolted against VA govt
• WHY???
• Lack of protection from Native Americans
• Lack of representation in the House of Burgesses
• Revolted and marched on and burned Jamestown
• Bacon died, Berkley took over
• Significance led to more planters choosing
  African slaves over indentured servants b/c
  revolt was less likely

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Stop and Think!

• What was the main cause of Bacons Rebellion?

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Happy Tuesday!!!

• Turn in your Document Homework to the box on my
  desk
• Take out your New England notes, we will go over
  them before going into the Middle Colonies

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Exploration and Colonization

• New England

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Settlers

• English Puritans seeking religious freedom
  beginning in 1620
• Some non-Puritans came as well

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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vL393V0e7FCM

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Pilgrims v. Puritans

• Separatists/ Pilgrims- church members who wanted
  to break away completely from the Church of
  England
• Came on the Mayflower
• Mayflower Compact- before leaving the ship all
  men signed an agreement to create a civil govt
  based on English law
• BIG STEP TOWARDS DEMOCRATIC GOVT IN AMERICA
• Established the Plymouth Colony (2nd permanent
  English settlement)

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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vkwJDraGAV44

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Pilgrims v. Puritans (continued)

• Puritans- church members who wanted to purify
  or reform the Church of England (aka Anglican
  Church)
• Reforms include getting rid of all Roman Catholic
  practices
• Goal was the establish a new society where they
  could practice their religion free from
  persecution
• Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony

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Puritans

• John Winthrop- first leader of the Puritans in
  Mass Bay Colony
• Wanted to establish a City Upon a Hill- Boston
• For we must consider that we shall be a City
  upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us

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Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Right to vote in MBC was based on being male and
  church membership
• Legislation was called the General Court
• No division between church and state- govt and
  laws based on Puritan vision
• Much better organized than Jamestown
• Entire families moved over not just individual
  laborers

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Stop and Think!

• What is the advantage of having whole families
  settle rather than individual laborers?

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Unrest in the Puritan Community

• Not everyone agreed with the Puritan vision
• Roger Williams- believed the following
• England had no claim to land unless they bought
  it from Native Americans
• Called for separation of church and state-
  thought people should be able to practice their
  own religion
• Founded colony of Rhode Island (Providence is
  capital)
• Based on religious freedom and separation of
  church and state

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Unrest in Puritan Community (continued)

• Anne Hutchison-
• Taught lessons from the Bible
• Women were not allowed to do this
• Thought people could interpret the Bible for
  themselves
• Banished from Massachusetts, Moved to Rhode
  Island and later to New York

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Stop and Think!

• Looking at Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison, how
  would you describe MBCs view of people who think
  differently from them?

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Relations with Native Americans

• Mass. settlers moved into new areas and set up
  colonies in Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New
  Hampshire- resistance from Native Americans
• Native Americans did NOT believe in owning land-
  belonged to all for communal use
• European settlers believed in private ownership
  of land conflict

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Wars with Native Americans

• Pequot War (1637) Connecticut
• Pequots revolted against English- nearly wiped
  out
• Massacre at Mystic- brutal extermination tactics
  used
• King Philips War (1675) all over New England
• Wampanoag chief Metacom revolted against English
  settlers
• English won, displayed Metacoms head in Plymouth
  for 20 years
• Significance end of Native American resistance
  in NE

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Happy Wednesday!!

• Turn in the Document Homework in the box on my
  desk
• Take out your New England Notes and look them
  over for the daily quiz!!
• Agenda for today
• Daily Quiz
• Notes
• Colonies Chart (Homework if you dont finish!!)

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Daily Quiz

• 1. Where was the second permanent English
  settlement?
• 2. Which group of people wanted to purify or
  reform the Church of England?
• 3. What was the motive for settlement at
  Massachusetts Bay Colony?
• 4. Who was the first leader of the MBC?
• 5. Name one person who was asked to leave or
  banished from MBC because they went against the
  beliefs of the colonys leaders.

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Exploration and Colonization

• Middle Colonies

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The Dutch Found New Netherlands

• Henry Hudson (English) sailed for the Dutch up
  the Hudson River in NY
• New Netherlands established for economic reasons
• Fur trade
• New Amsterdam is the capital
• Has better relations with the Native Americans
  than English b/c of the fur trade

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Changes come to New Netherlands

• The Dutch take over New Jersey from the Swedes
• Cant get enough settlers so they open it up to
  different types of people
• Dutch, German, French Huguenots (Protestants),
  Jews, Scandinavians, Africans (both slave and
  free)
• Duke of York (English) conquers the Dutch colony
  and renames it New York in 1664
• Becomes the proprietor or owner of New York but
  gave away New Jersey to his friends

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Stop and Think!

• How did New Netherlands become so diverse?

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Pennsylvania

• Quakers- Protestant group devoted to equality,
  cooperation, and religious tolerance
• Services held without ministers, plain dress and
  pacifists
• William Penn founder and proprietor of PA- the
  Holy Experiment
• Philadelphia- capital
• All settlers promised 50 acres of land and the
  right to vote
• Freedom of Religion

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Pennsylvania (continued)

• Delaware eventually became an off-shoot of PA
• Relations with Native Americans were generally
  good
• Penn showed respect to them
• Needed more settlers so opened it up to diverse
  groups
• Quakers, Germans, Dutch and French

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Stop and Think!

• How was the Pennsylvania colony different from
  Jamestown or MBC?

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The Rest of the 13 Original Colonies

• Maryland (Southern)- Founded by Lord Baltimore as
  a haven for Catholics
• Act of Toleration- led to religious freedom in MD
  for a while
• Carolinas (Southern)- land granted to King
  Charles IIs friends, South of VA
• Plantation system emerged in South Carolina- very
  wealthy
• Georgia (Southern)- founded by James Oglethorpe
  as a haven for debtors
• Also a buffer with Spain

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The Rest (continued)

• Connecticut- Founded by Thomas Hooker- bought the
  land from the Native Americans
• New Hampshire- Founded by John Wheelwright-
  criticized Puritan teachings

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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vp47tZLJbdag

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Happy Thursday!!!

• Take out your notes and look it over for the quiz
• DO NOT TURN IN YOUR CHART YET! WE WILL DISCUSS
  THE TYPE OF GOVERNMENT CATEGORY
• Agenda
• Daily Quiz
• Finish Chart
• Notes
• Meet with theme group
• Study Guide---DUE MONDAY TEST ON MONDAY!!!

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Daily Quiz

1. Which group of people founded New Netherlands?
2. What group of people established Pennsylvania?
3. What social aspect sets the Mid-Atlantic colonies
   apart from Jamestown or Massachusetts?
4. Who was the proprietor or owner of Pennsylvania?
5. When the New Netherlands changes hands and is
   taken over by an Englishman, what is its new
   name?

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Exploration and Colonization

• England and Its Colonies

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England and its colonies prosper

• Mercantilism economic philosophy of England to
  acquire more gold and silver than other nations.
  How?
• Become self-sufficient
• To maintain a favorable balance of trade (export
  more than you import)
• Colonies exist for the benefit of the mother
  country
• Colonies provide raw materials to England ex
  lumber, furs, fish, tobacco
• England provides manufactured goods to the
  colonies ex furniture, utensils, books, china

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Navigation Acts

• a series of laws that regulated and restricted
  colonial trade, caused some resentment from
  colonists
• Goods from the colonies had to be carried on
  British ships
• Goods from the colonies had to be shipped through
  England first

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Stop and Think!!

• Why did England impose the Navigation Acts?
• How could this lead to resentment from the
  colonist?

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Glorious Revolution

• William and Mary were named co-monarchs,
  replacing James II
• England focused more on France than on the
  colonies

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Stop and Think!

• What do you think will happen when England
  switches its focus away from the colonies? (think
  back to the Navigation Acts)

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Salutary Neglect

• England did NOT strictly enforce its mercantilist
  policies
• Navigation Acts were largely ignored by colonist
• Colonial legislatures were more powerful than the
  royal governors
• Colonists were still very loyal to England

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Southern Economies

• Cash crops- agricultural products grown for sale
  rather than for a farmers own use- CROP grown
  for CASH
• Examples tobacco (MD, NC, VA), rice and indigo
  (SC)
• Self-sufficient plantations developed along
  navigable rivers
• Led to a lack of towns or cities in the South

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Southern Society

• Ethnic diversity was common in the southern
  colonies
• Germans settled in MD, VA and SC
• Scots-Irish settled in western VA and NC-
  foothills of the Appalachian Mountains
• Majority of southern population were small
  farmers, but plantation owners controlled most of
  the power
• Women had few legal, social or political rights
• Indentured servants- decline by 1700

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Slavery in the Southern Colonies

• African Slavery- primary source of labor on
  southern plantations by 1700s
• Racism played an important part on the growth of
  slavery
• Slave Trade- part of the Triangular Trade
• Rum traded from NE to Africa
• Slaves traded from Africa to Caribbean
• Sugar and Molasses traded from Caribbean to NE
• Middle Passage- Slaves to Caribbean
• Most slaves worked in fields of plantations

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Africans in the New World

• Came from many different cultures, spoke many
  different languages
• African culture preserved despite difficult
  conditions of slavery
• Art, pottery, music, stories, dance

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Slave Resistance

• Took many forms
• Passive resistance- fake illnesses, breaking
  tools, work slowdowns
• Escape/Runaways- punishment was harsh, but
  occurred frequently
• Revolt- Stono Rebellion (1739)
• 20 slaves in SC rebelled and headed for Spanish
  Florida, captured and killed by SC militia

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Stop and Think!

• Describe the economy and the society in the
  Southern Colonies.

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Commerce in the North

• New England
• Small farming- colder climate and rocky soil
• Fishing
• Lumber
• Shipbuilding
• Port city- Boston
• Middle Colonies
• Larger farms- multiple crops and livestock
• Merchant activity increase
• Port cities NYC and Philadelphia

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Northern Society

• Diverse society!
• Immigration in the 1700s was common
• English, German, Scot-Irish, Dutch,
  Scandinavians, Jews
• Slavery existed in the North too, but not as
  common
• Women had few legal rights and couldnt vote
• Salem Witch Trials- Massachusetts, 1692- hysteria
  caused by accusations of witch-craft
• 20 people convicted and killed

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New Ideas Influence the Colonists

• Enlightenment- emphasis on reason and logic to
  obtain knowledge
• Benjamin Franklin- most famous enlightenment
  figure in America
• The Great Awakening- religious revival that swept
  through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s
• Traveling ministers delivering sermons to mass
  audiences

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Significance of the Great Awakening

• Increased importance of religion throughout the
  colonies
• New Christians- Native Americans and
  Africans/African-Americans
• New religious sects (branches)- Baptists and
  Methodist
• Helped lay the foundation for the American
  Revolution

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What to expect on Test Day

1. You will have the first 20 minutes to look over
   your study guides and get some last minute
   studying done- here is your opportunity to ask me
   any last minute questions
2. I will collect the study guides from everyone
3. You will be given a test packet and an answer
   sheet
4. On the answer sheet you will sign the honor code
   and begin working
5. When you finish your test you will place it on my
   desk and pick up vocabulary to work on

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Important Test information

• For those students who score below an 80 on the
  test you will be required to do a remediation
  activity
• THIS IS AN EXTRA ASSIGNMENT THAT MUST BE
  COMPLETED!!!!
• It is to your benefit to study as much as
  possible and do your best on the test!!!!