LCS121: Psycholinguistics Class 5 12705 Pomona College, Spring'05

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LCS121 Psycholinguistics Class 5 1/27/05
Pomona College, Spring'05

• webpage LCS121Spring05.htm
• Asst. Prof. Martin Hackl
• Mason Hall 110B
• 18927
• Martin.Hackl_at_pomona.edu

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The Mental Lexicon
sport figure sing door
carry turf turtle gold turk
turkey turn water turbo
turquoise turnip turmoil
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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How is the Mental Lexicon organized?

• What is stored in the mental lexicon?
• simple words (dog, friend, the, )
• complex words (dogs, friendly, friendlier, more
  friendly, dog house, underdog, kick the
  bucket, )
• How are words stored?
• evidence for alphanumeric/phonological
  addresses
• evidence for semantic organization
• frequency, recency
• Where are words stored?
• evidence from brain imaging and impairment

LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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How are words stored in the mental lexicon?

• Lexical Access
• How do you find an entry in your mental lexicon?
  
• What are the factors that determine speed and
  accuracy of the search?
• What factors determine the speed of reading
  out a lexical entry?
• Basic Lexical Tasks
• Lexical decision
• Naming
• Word monitoring

LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Lexical Decision

LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Lexical Decision
WORLD
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Lexical Decision

LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Lexical Decision
FORAL
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Lexical Decision

LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Lexical Decision
SNARL
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Lexical Decision

LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Frequency affects Speed of Lexical Decision
RT n 9 5F, 4M right-handed native speakers
of English (Embick et al.01)
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Lexical Frequency, etc.
Resources on the Web http//crl.ucsd.edu/corpora
/ (summarizes corpora) http//www.psy.uwa.edu.au
/mrcdatabase/uwa_mrc.htm (workable
search Engine for Kucera-Francis Freq., etc.)
Resources at LCS Pomona CELEX installed on
the Project Room Computers Mason 110
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Evidence for Semantic Organization
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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  Figure 2 Lateral view of the left cortical
hemisphere. Brodmann's (1909) areas are
indicated. (Adopted from Pulvermüller and Preißl
(1991).)
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof.Hackl
TR 935 1050
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              Figure 3 The cell assembly
representing a phonological word form may be
distributed over perisylvian areas.
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof.Hackl
TR 935 1050
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LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Evidence for Phonological Organization COHORT

• S

song story sparrow saunter slow secret sentry etc.
Slide adapted from C. Philips
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Cohort

• SP

• spice
• spoke
• spare
• spin
• splendid
• spelling
• spread
• etc.

Slide adapted from C. Philips
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Cohort

• SPI

• spit
• spigot
• spill
• spiffy
• spinaker
• spirit
• spin
• etc.

Slide adapted from C. Philips
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Cohort

• SPIN

• spin
• spinach
• spinster
• spinaker
• spindle

Slide adapted from C. Philips
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Cohort

• SPINA

• spinach

Slide adapted from C. Philips
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Cohort

• SPINA

• spinach

word uniqueness point
Slide adapted from C. Philips
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Evidence for Cohort Activation
KAPITAAL
KAPITEIN
(Marslen-Wilson, Zwitserlood)
Slide adapted from C. Philips
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Evidence for Cohort Activation
KAPITAAL
KAPITEIN
KAPIT
(Marslen-Wilson, Zwitserlood)
Slide adapted from C. Philips
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Evidence for Cohort Activation
KAPITAAL
KAPITEIN
BOOT
KAPIT
GELD
(Marslen-Wilson, Zwitserlood)
Slide adapted from C. Philips
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Evidence for Cohort Activation
KAPITAAL
KAPITEIN
BOOT
KAPIT
GELD
(Marslen-Wilson, Zwitserlood)
Slide adapted from C. Philips
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
30
Evidence for Cohort Activation
KAPITAAL
KAPITEIN
BOOT
BOOT
KAPIT
KAPITEIN
GELD
GELD
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Cohort Model

• Partial words display priming properties of
  multiple completions motivates multiple,
  continuous access
• Marslen-Wilsons claims
• Activation of candidates is autonomous, based on
  cohort only
• Selection is non-autonomous, can use contextual
  info.

Slide adapted from C. Philips
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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2 Stages Model of Lexical Access

• Active Recognition (automatic activation
  spreading)
• - System actively seeks matches to input - does
  not wait for complete match
• - Many inappropriate words are initially
  activated in a search
• Selection among Competitors (competition)

Slide adapted from C. Philips
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
33
The mental lexicon
sport figure sing door
carry turf turtle gold turk
turkey turn water turbo
turquoise turnip turmoil
TURN
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Automatic Activation
sport figure sing door
carry turf turtle gold turk
turkey water turn turbo
turquoise turnip turmoil
TURN
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Lateral Inhibition
sport figure sing door
carry turf turtle gold
turk turkey water turn
turbo turquoise turnip turmoil
TURN
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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Factors that affect speed of lexical access
- quality of the physical signal- lexical
frequency- previous activation of related items
- number of competitors - context-
LCS121 Psycholinguistics
Spring 2005Prof. Hackl
TR 935 1050
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End