Chapter 44: Fabrics and Their Care

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Chapter 44 Fabrics and Their Care

• Objectives Compare different types of fibers,
  fabric construction, methods, and finishes.

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Define the following key terms.

• Fibersvery fine, hairlike strands of various
  lengths.
• Yarnsfibers that have been twisted or grouped
  together.
• Natural fibersfibers that come from plants or
  animals.
• Manufactured fibersfibers that are formed
  completely or in part by chemicals.

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• Blenda yarn made from two or more different
  fibers to take advantage of the best features of
  each.
• Fabric finishesspecial treatments that improve
  the appearance, feel, or performance of the
  fabric.
• Colorfastthe color remains the same over time.

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• Mildewa fungus that shows up as black dots on
  clothes.
• Woven fabrics Weaving involves interlacing two
  sets of yarns together at right angles.
• Plain weave is the most common weave. You often
  see it in shirts and sheets.

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• Twill weave produces fabrics, such as denim, that
  are stronger than those of plain weave.
• Satin weave produces smooth fabrics with a sheen
  but they are less durable. Some blouses and
  evening apparel are made from this weave.
• Plainover and under 1 twillover and under two
  satinover and under 3.

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• Knits are constructed by pulling the loops of
  yarn through other loops of yarn, creating
  interlocking rows. Knit clothes are comfortable
  and dont wrinkle easily.
• Other fabric construction methods
  nonwovenfelt made by matting or bonding fibers
  with heat, moisture, or adhesives.

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Other Construction Methods

• Bondingfusing one fabric to another
  quiltingputting a fluffy layer between two
  layers.

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Answer the following questions

• 1. How are fibers related to yarns?
• Fibers are twisted or grouped together to form
  yarns.
• What is the key difference between natural fibers
  and manufactured fibers?
• Natural fibers come from plants or animals.
  Manufactured fibers are made completely or in
  part from chemicals.

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• Name three natural and three manufactured fibers.
  List two characteristics of each.
• Natural
• Cotton Comfortable in warm weather strong
  absorbent shrinks wrinkles.
• Linen (flax) Stronger than cotton absorbent
  comfortable wrinkles easily.
• ,

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• Wool (fleece of sheep) warm resists wrinkles
  repels water shrinks easily dry cleaned.
• Silk(cocoon of silk worm) lightweight resists
  wrinkling damaged by perspiration, deodorant,
  and high ironing temperatures.
• Ramie(stems of China grass) strong with natural
  luster absorbent washable, stiff texture
  usually blended with other fibers.

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• Manufactured Fibers
• Rayon Absorbent soft comfortable drapes
  shrinks dry cleaning recommended.
• Polyester Resists wrinkling and shrinking not
  absorbent washable dries fast attracts oily
  stains tends to pill (form balls on surface of
  fabric).

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• Nylon Strong lightweight holds shape Not
  absorbent static electricity washable dries
  quickly sensitive to heat white nylon-yellow.
• Acrylic Soft warm resists wrinkling not
  dried at high temperatures some pilling and
  static electricity resists fading.
• Spandex Often combined with other fibers no
  bleach or high drying temperatures.

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• 4. What is a blend? Give an example.
• A yarn that is made from two or more different
  fibers. Ex polyester and cotton
• Compare the construction and characteristics of
  woven and knit fabrics.
• Woven fabrics Are made with two sets of yarns
  interlacing at right angles. Are stronger than
  knit and hold their shape better.

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• Knit fabrics Are constructed by pulling loops
  of yarn through other loops of yarn. Stretch
  with movement and return to original shape.
• They do not wrinkle easily.

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• Give four examples of different purposes for
  fabric finishes.
• To improve appearance.
• Improve feel.
• Improve performance of fabric.
• To add color or design.
• To make water repellant.
• To make softer, shinier, or crisper.

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• To make wrinkle-resistant.
• Add soil-release finish.
• What are two advantages of colorfast fabrics?
• The color will remain the same over time. Dye
  will not leach into other laundry.

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• Why is it important to take proper care of
  clothes?
• They will look good and last longer.
• Describe three ways to treat a stain.
• Rinse with cold water.
• Use stain-removal towelette.
• Soak with detergent o plain water.
• Pretreat before washing.

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• Explain how to hand wash a garment.
• Soak in sudsy water.
• Gently squeeze suds through garment.
• Replace soapy water with fresh to rinse garment.
• Repeat rinse until no suds remain.

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• What is mildew? When might it become a laundry
  problem?
• A fungus that appears as small black dots when
  laundry is left in the washer too long.
• Clothes may develop a sour odor that is difficult
  to remove.

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• Why should some garments be pressed rather than
  ironed?
• Garments such as knits should be pressed rather
  than ironed to avoid stretching.
• How is dry cleaning different from regular
  laundering?
• Dry cleaning uses special chemicals, rather than
  water and detergent, to clean clothes.

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• Describe how to store a wool sweater to keep it
  in the best possible condition.
• Be certain sweater is stain-free and cleaned
  before storage.
• Fold rather than hang the sweater to avoid
  stretching.
• Store in a dry place.

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• 15. Why are natural fibers often the most
  comfortable to wear?
• They absorb moisture and allow air to reach your
  skin. They keep you cool in warm weather and
  warm in cold weather.
• 16. Which fabrics made from manufactured fibers
  are likely to pill?
• Polyester and acrylic

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• 17.What is the advantage of a fiber blend?
• It combines the best feature of each fiber.
• 18. What qualifies as a fabric finish?
• Special treatments that improve the appearance,
  feel, or performance of a fabric.

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• 19. Why would you wash a garment with like
  colors?
• To prevent its dye from running into other items.
• 20. When is the best time to treat stains?
• As soon as possible.

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• 21. List three factors to consider when sorting
  laundry.
• Care instructions.
• Color.
• Weight of items.
• Linting.
• Amount of soil.

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• 22. Identify three actions you can take to deal
  with clothing stains.