Thought

1
Thought

• The content of thinking (reasoning) involves unit
  of information
• Info can be represented in several forms
• Cognitive maps mental representation (blind
  people)
• Images visual images instead of words (color of
  car)
• Scripts schemas about the sequence in which
  events typically occur (restaurant)
• Concept schemas

2
Concept Schemas

• Concepts categories w/ common properties ex
  dogs
• Schemas basic units of understanding
  generalized from experience w/ the world. They
  help predict life and create expectations.
  Exathletes dumb.
• Prototype theory mental image based on average
  characteristics of an object ex. dogs

3
Problem solving

• Algorithms systematic procedures that
  exhaustively consider solutions until the best
  one is produced
• Heuristics Mental shortcuts
• Ex---lost keys
• -Kasparov
• -Activity

4
Availability Heuristic (bias)

• the more vivid some memory is the more we are
  likely to say it occurred more frequently
  regardless of the actual data
• The shortcut that comes to our mind the
  easiestor becomes available
• You blame your car battery for your car problems
  since you have had issues with the battery in the
  pastin reality, your electrical system failed
  and youre out of gas.

5
Language Rules

• 1) phonology
• phonemes
• 2) Morphology
• morpheme
• 3) Syntax (grammar)
• 4) Semantics

• Phoneme example
• th and sh
• Morpheme examples
• Dog, van, cat, caterpillar
• Cater? s? er? Tri?

6
Language Development4 Stages

• Babbling
• Around 6 months
• Babab
• Gaga
• Single Word
• Around 1 year
• Juice, cookie, Go
• Two work Combos
• Around 2
• me play, milk gone
• Sentences
• About 4
• Indicating knowledge of rules of grammar

• Telegraphic speech
• I go to store
• Overgeneralization
• I goed to the store

7
Parentese (Motherese/child-directed speech)

• LAD (Chomsky)-Language Acquisition Device
• Speaking to young children in a different way
  than you normally wouldhigher pitched voiced,
  simpler words and sentences, and repeating of
  words and phrases

• Boo-boo
• Do-do or poopy
• Go bye bye
• Icky or yucky
• Pee pee
• Nappy nap
• Tummy
• Sippy
• Din-din

8
Understanding Language

• Noam Chomskys theory of language
• Surface Structure Deep Structure
• Surface actual word string that one happens to
  use
• Deep basic meaning conveyed by the surface
  structure
• Ex Pat loves Amanda or Amanda is loved by Pat
• Examples of newspaper headlines

9
safety experts say school bus passengers should
be belted
10
Drunk Gets Nine months in violin case
11
Survivor of Siamese twins joins parents
12
Iraqi head seeks arm
13
Prostitutes appeal to pope
14
Panda Mating fails veterinarian takes over
15
Soviet Virgin lands short of goal again
16
Lung Cancer in women mushrooms
17
Shot off womans leg helps Nicklaus to 66
18
Enraged cow injures farmer with ax
19
Miners refuse to work after death
20
Juvenile court to try shooting defendant
21
Stolen painting found by tree
22
Never withhold herpes infection from loved one
23
If strike isnt settled quickly, it may last
awhile
NOAM CHOMSKY