Module 2 Unit 1

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• Module 2 Unit 1
• Hazard / Risk Assessment

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Objectives

• Identify ways to obtain information
• Identify information that needs to be collected
• Identify the DOT hazard classes and divisions of
  hazardous materials
• Identify important chemical and physical
  properties

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Gathering Information

• Product
• Container
• Environment

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Hazard / Risk Assessment

• Hazards
• Thermal
• Etiological
• Asphyxiation
• Mechanical
• Chemical
• Psychological
• Radiological

• Vulnerabilities
• People
• Places
• Things

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Hazard / Risk Assessment (cont)

• Planing information
• Dispatch information
• Arrival information

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• Module 2 Unit 2
• Chemical and Physical Properties

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Objectives

• Match important chemical and physical properties
  to their effects on the chemical and container.
• Identify the difference between exposure and
  contamination.
• Determine the appropriate DOT class of the
  product.

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Physical / Chemical Properties

• Physical
• State
• Phase changes
• Vapor pressure
• Specific gravity
• Vapor density
• Solubility

• Chemical
• Flammability
• Reactivity
• Toxicity

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Three Common Info Sources

• North American Emergency Response Guide Book
  (NAERG)
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

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Material Safety Data Sheets

• Nine basic sections
• Various designs
• Some of better quality

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Product Information
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Hazardous Ingredients
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Exposure Limits
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Physical Data
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Vapor Pressure
Atmospheric Pressure 14.7 p.s.i. or 760 mm/Hg
Low Vapor Pressure
High Vapor Pressure
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Specific Gravity
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Physical Properties (cont.)

• Vapor Density
• Comparison of the weight of a vapor to that of
  air being assigned the value of 1
• Solubility/Miscibility
• The ability of a substance (solute) to blend
  uniformly with another (solvent)
• Solubility applied to a solid in liquid
• Miscibility applied to a liquid or gas in a
  liquid

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Spill Types

• Physical properties determine spill types

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Video - Physical Properties
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Fire and Explosion Hazards
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The Fire Triangle
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Flash Point

• The temperature at which a liquid or volatile
  solid gives off vapors sufficient to form an
  ignitable mixture near the surface (NFPA)
• Remember, volatility is a product of vapor
  pressure

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Flammable Range
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Examples of Flammable Range
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Other Flammable Hazards

• Ignition temperature
• Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions (BLEVE)
• Boil-Over
• Heavy fuels
• Water in the bottom of the storage tank
• Thermocline development during fire

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Other Flammable Hazards

• Pyrophoric
• Hydrophoric
• Flammable solids

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Health Hazards
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Health Hazards

• Routes of exposure
• Local Vs. Systemic effects
• Dose response relationship
• Influences of toxicity

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Reactivity Hazards
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pH and Corrosives
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Reactions

• Rate of reactions
• Concentration, temperature and pressure
• Explosives
• Fuel, oxidizer, energy, pressure
• Incompatibilities

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Table of Incompatibilities
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Video - Chemical Properties
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Spill, Leak and Fire Control
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Personal Protective Equipment
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Special Information

• Special handling
• Special packaging
• Disposal procedures
• Environmental information

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• DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions

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Hazard Classes and Divisions

• 1 - Explosives
• 1.1 - Mass detonation
• 1.2 - Projectile
• 1.3 - Fire hazard
• 1.4 - No blast hazard
• 1.5 - Blasting agent
• 1.6 - Very insensitive
• 2 - Gases
• 2.1 - Flammable
• 2.2 - Non-flammable
• 2.3 - Poisonous

• 3 - Flammable liquid
• 3.1 - Flash point over 140 degrees
• 3.2 - Flash point less than 140
• 4 - Flammable Solids
• 4.1 - Flammable solid
• 4.2 - Spontaneous / Pyrophoric
• 4.3 - Dangerous when wet
• 5 - Oxidizers
• 5.1 - Oxidizers
• 5.2 - Organic peroxides

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Hazard Classes and Divisions

• 6 - Poisons
• 6.1 - Poisons
• 6.2 - Infectious substances
• 7 - Radioactive
• 8 - Corrosives
• 9 - Miscellaneous

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Summary

• Physical properties
• Chemical properties
• Common references
• NA ERG
• NIOSH Pocket Guide
• MSDS

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• Activity 2.1
• Assessing Physical and Chemical Properties

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• Module 2 Unit 3
• Container Information

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Objectives

• Identify general shapes of containers
• Identify important container markings
• Suggest materials that might be stored in
  containers
• Discuss radiological materials packaging
• Describe container stress and failures

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Common Characteristics

• Shape
• Capacity
• Pressures
• Non-pressurized (0-5 psi)
• Low pressure (5-100 psi)
• High pressure (100-3,000 psi)
• Ultra-high pressure (over 3,000 psi)

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Container Use

• Fixed Storage
• Transportation
• Highway
• Rail
• Intermodal
• Pipeline
• Portable

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Construction and Standards

• Various construction materials
• Non-ferrous
• Ferrous
• Alloys
• Aluminum
• Stainless steel
• HSLA

• Standards
• Rail Specification
• Highway spec plate
• DOT
• Motor Carrier (MC)

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Fixed Facility Containers
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Non and Low Pressure Storage
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Pressurized Storage
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Specialty Fixed Containers

• Telescoping
• Cryogenic
• Other unique containers exist
• Planning is essential

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Highway Containers
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Non-Pressurized (MC306/DOT406)

• Common use Petroleum products, some poisons
• Construction Mostly made of aluminum

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Low Pressure (MC307/DOT407)

• Use General purpose chemical tanker
• Construction Aluminum, SS or Steel
• Might be insulated

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Corrosive Carrier (MC312/Dot412)

• Use Heavy corrosive liquids
• Construction Black iron, SS or alloys
• May be specially lined

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Pressurized (MC330 MC331)

• Use Liquefied compressed gases
• Construction Steel, HSLA

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Cryogenic Carrier (MC338)

• Use Ultra cold cryogenic liquids
• Construction Specialized with annular space and
  unique venting characteristics

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High Pressure Tube Trailers
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Dry-Bulk Carrier (Non specification)

• Use Hazardous and non-hazardous powdered and
  granular materials
• Pneumatically off-loaded

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Intermodal Containers
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Video - Containers
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Rail Containers
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General Rail Containers

• Box cars
• Flat cars
• Gondola cars
• Hopper cars
• Tank cars

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Rail Tank Cars

• Classifications
• Non pressurized (less than 100 psi)
• Pressurized (greater than 100 psi)
• Capacities up to 31,500 gallons
• Some are dedicated service (approx. 40)
• Intermodal
• TOFC and COFC

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Non-Pressurized

• Use Liquids with low vapor pressures
• Construction No expansion dome

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Non-Pressurized (with expansion dome)

• Use Liquids with higher volatility
• Construction Expansion dome for vapors

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Pressurized (Liquefied gas service)

• Use Liquefied gas carrier
• Construction Protective dome, no underside piping

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Shipping Papers and Placards

• Highway shipping papers
• Rail shipping papers
• Marine (Dangerous cargo manifest)
• Air (Air bill)

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Non-Bulk Containers

• Capacities
• Less than 119 gallons
• Less than 1000 lbs.. water capacity
• Types
• Cylinders, bags, carboys
• Drums, boxes, totes

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Pipelines

• May be single or multi product lines
• Use of pigs
• Specific gravity
• Pipeline markers
• Safety features

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Radiological Packaging

• Special Form
• Normal
• Low specific activity
• Type A packaging
• Type B packaging

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Summary - Container Information

• Numerous types of containers
• General classifications
• Container used is largely dependent upon vapor
  pressure of the product
• Shipping papers are essential
• Radioactive packaging considerations

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• Module 2 Unit 4
• Container Assessment

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Objectives

• Identify three types of stressors
• Understand the need for damage assessment
• Define BLEVE and its potential impact

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Types of Container Stressors

• Thermal
• Chemical
• Mechanical

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Failures and Releases

• Failures
• Disintegration
• Run-away cracking
• Openings in closures
• Punctures
• Splits and tears

• Release Types
• Detonation
• Violent rupture
• Rapid relief
• Spill or leak

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Container Damage Assessment

• Very risky operation
• Goal is to identify Critical Containers
• One in which catastrophic failure is possible
• Items to consider
• Pressure
• Container construction
• Type of stressor

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Critical Pressurized Containers

• Mechanical failures
• Pressurized tanks (e.g. MC330 and 331) do
  tolerate dents well
• Thermal impacts
• BLEVE

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• Activity 2.2
• Vulnerability Assessment

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• Module 2 Unit 5
• Assessing Vulnerabilities

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Vulnerability Assessment

• Hazard Assessment
• Vulnerability Assessment
• Making predictions
• Spill type implications
• Environmental considerations
• Impacts of physical properties
• Obtaining Technical Assistance

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Summary

• Observations are essential
• How can the hazards effect responders?
• What is around you that can be impacted?
• What conduits are present to assist with the
  materials movement?
• Specialized technical assistance may be required

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