Integrating Trust and Driver

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Integrating Trust and Drivers Safety

• By Robin Mitchell

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Components of Focus Area

• Improving driving safety through the use of in
  vehicle warning devices
• Trust in automation

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Automotive Warning Devices

• Designed to help alert the driver to potentially
  dangerous driving situations
• Currently, there are several
• Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
• Forward Collision Warning (FCW)

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Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)

• Uses radar and laser range sensors to detect
  vehicles ahead of the driver and adjusts the
  vehicles speed to maintain a minimum headway
  with the other vehicles
• Able to control the engine, power train, and/or
  the service breaks

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Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)

• Maintains both set speed and headway
• Is able to control both these settings for the
  vehicle and adapt them to the current driving
  situation

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Forward Collision Warning (FCW)

• Uses the same sensors as ACC to assess collision
  potential and warn the driver of emerging
  collision situations
• Helps the driver to avoid striking the rear end
  of another vehicle

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Combined Use of ACC and FCW

• Improve ability to avoid collisions by helping
  the driver to maintain safe speeds and headways
• Conveyed through visual, auditory, and tactile
  cues
• Helps refocus driver attention when it is
  diverted to another place

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Example of ACC and FCW

• If ACC detects a slower or stopped vehicle, it
  will create an alert
• If the driver does nothing, this would cause the
  FCW to also alert (as a forward collision would
  be imminent)
• It is up to the driver to react to the warnings

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Change in Driving Tasks

• Changes driver tasks by taking some control from
  the driver
• Creates different tasks for the driver to perform
• The driver relies on the automation to determine
  the safety of the situation

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Trust Defined

• Generally it is an attitude towards technology
  regarding expected performance
• Most widely used definition comes from Mayer,
  Davis, and Schoorman, 1995
• the willingness of a party to be vulnerable to
  the actions of another party based on the
  expectation that the other will perform a
  particular action important to the trustor,
  irrespective of the ability to monitor or control
  that party

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Characteristics that govern Trust

• Ability the group of skills, competencies, and
  characteristics that enable the agent to
  influence the domain.
• Similar to predictability
• Integrity degree to which the agent follows a
  set of principles
• Similar to dependability
• Benevolence the extent to which the motivations
  of the agent are aligned with those of the
  trustor
• Working towards a common goal

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Trust is dependant on 3 dimensions

• Performance
• Process
• Purpose of Automation
• Definitions from Trust in Technology
  Designing for Appropriate
• Reliance by John Lee and Katrina
  See

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Performance

• The competency or perceived expertise of the
  automation as demonstrated by its ability to
  achieve the operators goals
• In other words, will it do what I want it to do
• Trust will increase when the automation performs
  to expectations

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Process

• The degree to which the algorithms of the
  automation adhere to the operators understanding
  of how the automation works
• In other words, does it work like I think it
  should work in this situation
• Trust will increase if the algorithms used are
  appropriate for the current situation

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Purpose of Automation

• The degree to which the automation is being used
  within the realm of the designers intent
• In other words, is it being used in the manner
  for which it was designed
• This is often based on if the designers intent
  has been properly communicated to the operator
• Trust will increase when the automation performs
  as intended

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Trust based on Use

• Trust is largely based on observation
• If a system is not trusted, it will not be
  usedtrust will not grow
• The more the automation is used, the more trust
  will be facilitated in the system
• Highly trusted automation is monitored less
  frequently

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Trusting ACC and FCW

• ACC and FCW are emerging technologies with the
  possibility of improving driving safety
• Drivers need to trust these automations and use
  them appropriately
• An important concept not yet investigated

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Proposed Research

• Investigate the degree of trust a driver places
  in these devices
• Test ACC and FCW individually
• Test ACC and FCW together
• Examine the differences in driver trust across
  conditions

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Integrating Trust and Drivers Safety

• Questions?