Grow Finish Health Evaluation

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Grow Finish Health Evaluation

• Three major areas of concern
• Musculoskeletal (Muscle-bones-joints)
• Enteric (gastrointestinal)
• Respiratory

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I. Musculoskeletal

• Tail-biting
• ODOT disease (rear-end paralysis)
• DDx
• Strep suis
• Trauma-Disc or fractured vertebrae
• Spinal Edema
• Single leg lameness-typically hip or shoulder
• DDx
• Trauma
• OCD-dry joint
• Nutritional deficiencies

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II. Enteric

• Salmonella
• Ileitis
• Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome(HBS)
• Gastric Ulcer
• Viral Enteritis
• Parasitic Enteritis

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1. Salmonella (S. cholerasuis)

• Clinical Signs
• Water to cow patty type stool with a yellow-green
  color and feed consistency
• May see ear tip necrosis as well

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1. Salmonella (cont.)

• Set up by a stressor of some type such as
• Overstocked nursery (lt2.5sq.ft./pig at 50 lbs)
• Excessive distance in hauling in cold or extreme
  heat
• Curtain malfunction

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1. Salmonella (cont.)

• Diagnosis
• Necropsy, culture, etc.
• Treatment
• Water meds (Neomycin, Trimeth Sulfa, Cephalexin)
• Injectable Naxcel 1cc/30lbs IM
• Prevention
• Mecadox, Neo-Terra, Tylan-Sulfa
• Vaccination may be required-oral, IM

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2. Ileitis (Lawsonia intracellularis)

• Clinical signs
• Acute form - 4-12 month old pigs (replacement
  gilts), black tar stool, sudden death
• Chronic form - 2-5 month old pigs, cow patty
  loose stool, gaunt, narrow topped pot-bellied pigs

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2. Ileitis (cont.)

• Diagnosis
• Necropsy, tissue histology, fecal PCR, culture
• Treatment
• Tylan soluble powder, Tylan injectable
• Prevention
• Feed grade Tylan, Lincocin, Mecadox

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3. Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome (HBS)

• Causative agent unknown ??
• Clinical signs
• Sudden death usually associated with a feed
  intake disturbance
• Diagnois
• Necropsy of pig exhibits blood in small bowel
  with no evidence of ileitis (Need to rule out
  mesenteric torsion)
• Treatment
• Change feed grade antibiotics
• Water soluble BMD (250gm/ton)
• Decrease stress at sorting time

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4. Gastric Ulcer

• gt50 of pigs at movement from nursery to finisher
  exhibit a small ulcerative lesion.
• Most of these are healed fully in 10 days.

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4. Gastric Ulcer (cont.)

• Small percentage of ulcers exist for a prolonged
  time and may re-activate with additional
  stressors such as
• Feed stress
• Disease stress
• Environmental stress
• Feed particle size is a determinant but not as
  much as previously thought

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5. Viral Enteritis

• TGE
• Rotavirus

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6. Parasitic Enteritis

• Whipworms

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III. Respiratory Disease

• PRDC
• 18 Week Wall
• Finisher Slump

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Agents

• Primary
• Secondary

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Primary Agents

• Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh)
• Swine Influenza Virus (SIV)
• Porcine Reproductive Respiratory Syndrome Virus
  (PRRS)
• Can be any or all of the above

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Secondary Agents

• Pasteurella multocida type A (PmA)
• Strep Suis (Ss)
• Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb)
• Pasteurellla multocida type D (PmD)
• Haemophilus parasuis (Hp)
• Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP)

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Clinical Signs

• Dependant on primary agents involved and the farm
  specific secondary pathogens
• Morbidity-high
• Mortality-steady to increase
• Feed efficiency-decreases
• Days to Market (DTM)-increases (turns/year
  decreases)
• Seen in SEW or 3 site prod. pigs

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Clinical Signs (cont.)

• SEW production practices produce immunologically
  naïve pigs which have an unchallenged immune
  system. Therefore these pigs respond poorly and
  slowly to antigenic challenge, allowing the
  pathogen(s) to reach disease producing levels
  quickly. This fast escalation of pathogen load
  obviously causes a sudden onset of the clinical
  signs listed above.

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Diagnosis

• Be careful not to diagnose too quickly over the
  phone
• Necropsy affected pigs (Culture/Hisopathology)
• Slaughter Checks
• Serology-Needs to be done in an age segregated
  fashion to properly determine if and when pigs
  are sero-converting
• Myco
• SIV
• PRRS

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Prevention/Control

• Address Primary Agents
• PRRS
• SIV
• Mycoplasma

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Prevention/Control

• PRRS-Multiple methods of control
• Sow herd stabilization with serology and
  vaccination
• Strict Biosecurity
• AI/AO
• Gilt introduction monitored
• Nursery/finisher stabilization with/without
  vaccinations

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Prevention/Control

• SIV - H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes pathogenicity
  appears to be greater than previous serotypes
• Initial serology
• Whole herd viral shedding and stabilize herd
• Single dose pre-farrowing vaccination appears to
  hold pigs to market

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Prevention/Control

• Mycoplasma-control measures vary with each herd
• Initial serology (sows and pigs)
• Pre farrowing vaccination

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Mycoplasma P/C (cont.)

• Piglet protocol
• 2 doses vaccine-Labor
• 2 doses Lincocin-Expense
• 1dose vacc, 1 dose Linco allows limited labor and
  yet saves money over all linco program-New
  research suggests this has the best results.

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Mycoplasma P/C (cont.)

• Typical Protocol
• 1cc dose subunit vaccine coming out of nursery
• Feed grade lincocin prior to vaccine in nursery
  or 3-4 weeks after vaccine