James C. Bronfenbrenner

1
Reducing LNG Capital Cost In Todays Competitive
Environment
The AP-XTM Process

• James C. Bronfenbrenner
• Dr. Yu-Nan Liu
• Joseph M. Petrowski

Mark J. Roberts (Presenter)
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
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Overview

• Features of the AP-XTM Process
• Driver Configuration Options
• Summary

3
LNG Train Size Growth

• Economies of scale
• Limitations with existing processes

5
4
3
Train Size, MTA
2
1
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Date of Commissioning
4
AP-XTM Process
Feed
C3 Pre-Cooling
Mixed Refrigerant Liquefaction
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AP-XTM Process

• De-Bottlenecks C3-MR

Propane volumetric flow per unit LNG reduced by
more than 20
Feed
-115 C
MR volumetric flow per unit LNG reduced by 40
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AP-XTM Process

• Flexible

Feed
C3 Pre-Cooling
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Why an expander cycle for LNG subcooling?
LNG

• Efficient at providing cold refrigeration

• Proven

• Reliable and operable

8
Why Nitrogen?
LNG

• Available and Inert

• High Pressure Low ?P Losses

9
AP-XTM Process Driver Configuration

• Frame 7, Frame 9 and electric motor drive options
  
• Choice depends on owner preference, desired
  capacity, and design basis
• Many combinations

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2 Frame 9 Nominal 7.5 mta
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3 Frame 9 Nominal 9 mta
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3 Frame 9 Nominal 10 mta
13
Electric Motor Drive 7 10 mta
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Capital Cost Comparison
Courtesy of Merlin Associates
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Summary

• Dual MR version

• Avoids parallel compression equipment
• Uses proven technology and components

16
Thank You!
35m
35m