Cyberbullying

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Cyberbullying Computer Crimes
Chatham-Kent Police Service Crime Prevention and
Community Safety
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What is Cyberbullying?

• the use of information and communication
  technologies to bully, embarrass, threaten or
  harass another
• Millions of online users can access and witness
  such bullying situations

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Communication Technologies

• Blogging - on-line diary, MySpace.com
• Cell Phones - camera phone with text messaging
• Discussion Boards, News Groups and Guest Books -
  often used to make fun of others, people can add
  to it www.rateteacher.com
• E-mail - not real time, forwarding hurtful
  e-mails
• Instant Messaging IMs - MSN, YAHOO, ICQ-Real
  time chat, web cam, photos
• Interactive Games - bullying can occur while
  playing on-line games-moderator can assist in
  terminating the bullying
• Profiles - personal information, pretend to be
  someone else
• Websites can be used to target victim

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The Bully Has Come Into The Home

• There is no escape.
• Home is no longer a place to feel safe or free
  from the hurtful words.

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Why Cyberspace?Common Myths

• It is a virtual place to hide
• No witnesses
• No scene of the crime

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Four Types of On-Line Bullies

• The Vengeful Angel
• The Power-Hungry
• The Mean Girls
• The Inadvertent Cyberbully or Because I Can

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The Vengeful Angel

• The victim of bullying retaliates
• Dont see themselves as a bully
• Righting wrongs or protecting themselves or
  others from the Bad Guy
• Protecting a friend

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Power Hungry

• Like the schoolyard bullies
• Need an audience
• Want to exert their power
• Often brag about their actions

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Computer Savvy

• Often the victim of typical offline bullying
• May be physically smaller
• The ones picked on for not being popular enough
• Greater technical skills

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Mean Girls

• Done/planned in a group
• Entertainment
• Bullying other females
• Grows when fed by group admiration, cliques or by
  the silence of others

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Inadvertent Cyberbully

• Because I can
• Dont believe they are cyberbullies
• Pretending to be tough online
• Dont think before clicking send

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How it Happens

• Flaming - online fights with angry words
• Harassment - repeatedly sending offensive, rude,
  and insulting messages
• Cyberstalking - repeatedly sending messages that
  include threats of harm or are highly
  intimidating.
• Denigration -Dissing someone online.
• Impersonation - breaking into someones account,
  posing as that person.
• Outing and Trickery - Sharing someones secrets.
  Tricking someone into revealing secrets
• Exclusion - Intentionally excluding someone from
  an online group, like a buddy list

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Bystanders

• Forward hurtful e-mail
• Visit a cyberbullys vote for the fat girl site
• Allow cyberbullies to take cell phone photos or
  video of personal moments of others

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Tips For The Bullied

• Block senders e-mail
• Change e-mail or cell phone number
• Dont reply to messages from cyberbullies
• Dont erase or delete messages
• Tell an adult
• Inform your ISP (Internet Service Provider)
• Call police if messages are threatening

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Bully BewareYou Can Be Found

• Internet service provider you can be held
  accountable and lose your privileges
• A footprint is left on your hard drive with any
  messages sent

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Statistics

• In 1995 there was one hate related website.
• In 2004 there were 4700 hate related websites.
• In Canada,14 of teens say theyve been
  threatened while using instant messaging.
• 16 admitted to having sent hateful messages
  themselves.
• 75 of victims dont call police.
• 25 of victims suffer in silence and never tell
  anyone.

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Misconceptions

• Tell all - its okay to tell personal secrets on
  the internet?
• I have the right to free speech?
• What happens on-line is just a game. It is not
  real, so no one can get hurt?
• What happens online should stay online?

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The Law - Cyberbullying

• Criminal Harassment cc 264
• Utter Threats cc 264.1
• Assault cc 265
• Defamatory Libel cc 298(1)
• Extortion by Threats cc 346(1)
• Personation with Intent cc 403

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Criminal Harassmentcc 264

• No person shall, without lawful
• authority and knowing that another person
• is harassed or recklessly as to whether the
• other person is harassed engage in
• conduct referred to in subsection (2) that
• causes that other person reasonably, in all
• the circumstances, to fear for their safety
• or the safety of anyone known to them.

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Utter Threats cc 264.1

• Every one commits an offence who, in any
• manner, knowingly utters, conveys or causes
• any person to receive a threat
• a) to cause death or bodily harm to any person
• b) to burn, destroy or damage real or personal
  property or
• c) to kill, poison or injure an animal or bird
  that is the property of any person.

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Assault cc 265

• A person commits an assault when
• a) without the consent of another person, he
  applies force intentionally to that other person,
  directly or indirectly
• b) he attempts or threatens, by an act or a
  gesture, to apply force to another person, if he
  has, or causes that other person to believe upon
  reasonable grounds that he has, present ability
  to effect his purpose or
• c) while openly wearing or carrying a weapon or
  an imitation thereof, he accosts or impedes or
  begs.

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Defamatory Libel cc 298(1) (2)

• Matter published without lawful justification or
  excuse, that is likely to injure the reputation
  of any person by exposing him to hatred, contempt
  or ridicule, or that is designed to insult the
  person of or concerning whom it is published.
• May be expressed directly or by insinuation or
  irony
• (a) in words legibly marked upon any substance,
  or
• (b) by any object signifying a defamatory libel
  otherwise than by words.

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Extortion by Threats cc 346.1

• Every one commits extortion who,
• without reasonable justification or excuse
• and with intent to obtain anything, by
• threats, accusations, menaces or violence
• induces or attempts to induce any person,
• whether or not he is the person threatened,
• accused or menaced or to whom violence
• is shown, to do anything or cause anything
• to be done.

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Criminal Harassmentcc 264(2)

• The conduct mentioned in subsection 1 consists
  of
• (a) repeatedly following from place to place
  another person or anyone known to them
• (b) repeatedly communicating with, either
  directly or indirectly, the other person or
  anyone known to them
• (c) besetting or watching the dwelling-house, or
  place where the other person, or anyone known to
  them, resides, works, carries on business or
  happens to be
• (d) engaging in threatening conduct directed at
  the other person or any member of their family.

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Personation With Intent cc 403

• Every one who fraudulently personates any person,
  living or dead,
• (a) with intent to gain advantage for himself or
  another person,
• (b) with intent to obtain any property or an
  interest in any property, or
• (c) with intent to cause disadvantage to the
  person whom he personates or another person.

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What Can Parents Do?

• Security Software - Predator Guard - scans all
  messages and notices when that text could be
  threatening to user
• E-mail Tracker Pro - allows you to track Internet
  E-mail back to sender
• Parental Controls - offers chat filtering
  protection for both instant messaging and chat
  rooms

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What Can Parents Do?

• Make it your business.
• Keep computer in a high traffic area of the home.
  
• Check their online activities periodically and
  tell them you will be doing this.
• Search for your childs name online - check their
  profiles, postings, blogs, webpages, etc.
• Watch out for secretive behavior online.
• Be a good listener. Stay calm and give your
  child time to tell you how they fee.
• Make it clear that its not your childs fault.

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Resources

• www.cyberwise.ca
• www.cyberbullying.ca
• www.cybertip.ca
• www.transl8it.com
• www.safekids.com - on-line safety quiz
• www.stopcyberbullying.com
• www.wiredkids.org - on-line quiz
• www.bullying.org
• www.netbullies.com

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Definition of Identity Theft

• Refers to all types of crimes in which someone
  wrongfully obtains and uses another persons
  personal data in some way that involves fraud or
  deception, typically for economic gain.

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How Does Identity Theft Occur ?

• Consumers often become victims without knowing
  that the identity thieves have acquired their
  personal data.
• Charging dinner at a restaurant on a credit card.
• Using debit cards to purchase gasoline, rent a
  car, or rent a movie.
• Mail theft.
• Conducting internet business.

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Skimming

• Identity thieves also skim or swipe customer
  credit cards at restaurants or gas stations,
  using an electronic device. The skimmer records
  the personal information data from the magnetic
  strip on the back of the card. This information
  is then transferred to another location, where it
  is re-encoded onto fraudulently made credit cards.

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Magnetic Strip Readers90 - 120
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Phishing

• E-mails linking users to spoofed websites.
• Consumers enter personal data on web sites that
  appear to belong to legitimate firms.
• No real connection to any businesses. 
• Data is used in various fraud schemes.
• Some direct you to a real site, but add a fake
  pop-up window.

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CIBC Fraud Scam

• An e-mail letter that was sent out as a fraud
  attempt disguised as an official CIBC e-mail.
• This e-mail letter was in no way connected to
  CIBC.
• It is important to note that CIBC is no more
  prone to such scams than any other institution.

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Dear CIBC Customer
Dear CIBC Customer, As a customer of CIBC,
the security of your personal and account
information is extremely important to us. By
practicing good security habits, you can help us
to ensure that your private information is
protected.Our new security system will help you
to avoid frequently fraud transactions and to
keep your investments in safety. Due to
technical update we recommend you to update your
banking information of your account to update
your account information we are asking you to
provide CIBC all the information requested in the
form, otherwise we will not be able to verify
your identity and your CIBC Account's Access will
be denied, you might update your records
following the next link below www.cibconline.cibc
.com/bvtrx01/script-root-tran/authentication/Updat
eOnline We appreciate your business. Its truly
our pleasure to serve you. Sincerely Canadian
Imperial Bank of Commerce.
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CIBC Scam De-Brief

• First and Foremost - No bank will ever send you
  an e-mail asking for any type of personal
  information.
• What gave it away?
• The original link was
• www.cibconline.cibc.com/bvtrx01/script-root-tran/a
  uthentication/updateinformation
• When you click the hyper-link you are sent to
  this web address
• www.nufclearingcentre.co.uk/survey/.c/index.html
• If you have a Debit Card - Think about how you
  originally selected your pin - was it this
  transparent?

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Ministry of Transportation Alert

• An advisory was posted by the Ministry of
  Transportation alerting Ontario Drivers about an
  attempted internet scam aimed at their personal
  information.
• Most organizations will alert their customers as
  soon as they are aware of an internet scam.
• Personal information obtained from one scam can
  be used for another.

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Public AdvisoryBeware Internet E-mail
Fraud The Ministry of Transportation has
recently learned that a fraudulent e-mail is
being sent to members of the public. It contains
a link to a web page which looks similar to the
Ministry of Transportation website. It states
that the ministry is updating its licence
database system and requests that the recipient
confirm driver license information such as name,
address and driver's license number. Do not
comply with this fraudulent request. This email
was not sent by the Ministry of
Transportation. We are investigating this
situation. The police have been notified. Do not,
under any circumstances, respond to this e-mail.
If you receive further e-mails from the same
source, or anyone you know receives a similar
e-mail, please notify the Licensing
Administration Office at lao_at_mto.gov.on.ca and
attach the suspect e-mail to your
correspondence. To safeguard your security we
recommend prudence when communicating personal
information in e-mail or online. The Internet is
not always a secure communications vehicle. The
Government of Ontario is committed to privacy
protection. The safety and integrity of personal
information are top priorities. Ontario's
e-government services are built on secure
technologies and processes to ensure privacy.
We do not tolerate any misuse of your personal
information Ministry of Transportation of
Ontario
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Vishing Joins Phishing As Security Threat

• July 11, 2006 - Just as Internet surfers have
  gotten wise to the fine art of phishing, along
  comes a new scam utilizing a new technology.
• Vishing uses Voice Over Internet Protocol
  (VoIP) uses phones instead of a misdirected Web
  link to steal user information.
• The thieves use a war dial over a VoIP system to
  blanket call an area. A recorded message tells
  the person receiving the call that their credit
  card has been breached and to call the following
  (regional) phone number immediately.
• When the user calls the number, another message
  is played statingthis is account verification
  please enter your 16 digit account.
• The VoIP phone can recognize and capture
  telephone key strokes.
• Protection against this Fraud- if you are
  concerned about a debit or credit card number
  being breached call the CUSTOMER SERVICE NUMBER
  ON THE BACK OF YOUR CARD

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Theft From Company or Government Databases

• Significant appeal of large databases.
• Theft of computer hard drives and bribing
  employees to obtain personal data.
• Hacking into databases.

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Trojan Horses
Malicious security breaking program disguised as
something benign Example downloading a music or
movie file erased disks, credit card numbers
and passwords sent to strangers, computers
hijacked
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Key Logging

• Achieved by installing software, clicking on a
  link, or opening an attachment.
• Software is secretly installed on your computer.
• All typing is recorded (online banking).
• Thieves retrieve information.

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Internet Business

• Purchasing products on E-bay can be risky, ensure
  that the seller has a good reputation.
• Work with someone who has experience in making
  purchases on line.
• Use a pay-pal account or similar banking device
  to funnel funds for these purchases.
• Make sure that the site is secure, check for the
  yellow padlock icon.

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Check Security Before You Type

• In Internet Explorer check the yellow lock icon
  in the bottom right corner.
• Double click to see the security certificate.
  issued to name should match the real site name.
• In the address bar look for https// not http//

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Digital Crooks Hone Craft Of Phishing For Suckers

• Fake websites are now being concocted by
  phishers.
• Even if you clicked on the little security link,
  a pop-up containing a certificate would confirm
  that you were indeed securely connected to the
  financial institution.
• Warning do NOT respond to e-mails from financial
  institutions
• Banks do not send out e-mails to their customers
• Telephone the bank or go in person and check
  your accounts. Source Chatham Daily News Page 5,
  Sept. 12, 2006

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If You Are A Victim

• Contact your bank or credit card company and keep
  a log of dates, person(s) that you spoke with and
  exactly what was said.
• Report the matter to your local police service.
• Report your identity theft case to watchdog
  agencies.

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If You Are a Victim

• Contact the fraud departments of
• Trans Union Canada 1-877-525-3823
  www.tuc.ca/TuCop/consumer/personalsolutions.htm
• Equifax Canada 1-877-323-2598
• www.equifax.com/EFX_Canada

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If You Are A Victim

• Request that a Fraud Alert be placed on your
  files. At this time order copies of your credit
  reports.
• Contact the fraud dept. of creditors for any
  accounts that have been fraudulently opened or
  tampered with, ie credit card companies, phone
  companies, banks and other lenders.
• Contact Phone Busters National Call Centre.

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The Law

• Theft cc 322(1)(a) (d)
• Unauthorized Use of Computer 342.1
• Possession of Device to Obtain Computer Service
  cc 342.2(1)
• Theft, Forgery, etc., of Credit Card 342(3)
• Fraud cc 380(1)
• Mischief 430(1.1)(c)

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Theft cc 322(1)(a) (d)

• Every one commits theft who fraudulently and
  without colour of right takes, or fraudulently
  and without colour of right converts to his use
  or to the use of another person, anything whether
  animate or inanimate, with intent,
• (a) to deprive, temporarily or absolutely, the
  owner of it or a person who has a special
  property or interest in it, of the thing or of
  his property or interest in it.
• (d) to deal with it in such a manner that it
  cannot be restored in the condition in which it
  was at the time it was taken or converted.

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Unauthorized Use of Computer cc 342.1(1)

• Every one who, fraudulently and without colour of
  right,
• (a) obtains, directly or indirectly, any
  computer service,
• (b) by means of an electro-magnetic, acoustic,
  mechanical or other device, intercepts or causes
  to be intercepted, directly or indirectly, any
  function of a computer system,
• (c) uses or causes to be used, directly or
  indirectly, a computer system with intent to
  commit an offence under paragraph (a) or (b) or
  an offence under section 430 in relation to data
  or a computer system, or
• (d) uses, possesses, traffics in or permits
  another person to have access to a computer
  password that would enable a person to commit an
  offence under paragraph (a), (b) or (c)

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Possession of Device to Obtain Computer Service
cc 342.2(1)

• Every person who, without lawful justification or
  excuse, makes, possesses, sells, offers for sale
  or distributes any instrument or device or any
  component thereof, the design of which renders it
  primarily useful for committing an offence under
  section 342.1, under circumstances that give rise
  to a reasonable inference that the instrument,
  device or component has been used or is or was
  intended to be used to commit an offence contrary
  to that section.

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Theft, Forgery, Etc., of Credit Card cc 342(3)

• Every person who, fraudulently and without colour
  of right, possesses, uses, traffics in or permits
  another person to use credit card data, whether
  or not authentic, that would enable a person to
  use a credit card or to obtain the services that
  are provided by the issuer of a credit card
  holders.

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Fraud cc 380(1)

• Every one who, by deceit, falsehood or other
  fraudulent means, whether or not it is a false
  pretence within the meaning of this Act, defrauds
  the public or any person, whether ascertained or
  not, of any property, money or valuable security
  is guilty of an offence.

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Mischief cc 430(1.1)(c)

• Everyone commits mischief who willfully
• (a) destroys or alters data
• (b) renders data meaningless, useless, or
  ineffective
• (c) obstructs, interrupts or interferes with the
  lawful use of data

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Questions?