Asthma Pathology

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You can't fly a kite unless you go against the
wind and have a weight to keep it from turning
somersaults. The same with man. No man will
succeed unless he is ready to face and overcome
difficulties and is prepared to assume
responsibilities -- William J. H. Boetcker
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Immune Disorders
Dr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar. Senior Lecturer in
Pathology Fiji School of Medicine
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Introduction

• Humoral Immunity
• B lymphocytes - Antibody
• Cell mediated Immunity
• T lymphocytes Macrophages
• Non-Specific immunity
• Neutrophils, Macrophages

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Introduction

• Immunity is not inherited.
• Antigen / Antibody
• Active / Passive immunity.
• Vaccine, Toxoid, Live/Killed
• Primary response slow, weak.
• Learning period, memory cells.
• Secondary response rapid, strong

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Immune Disorders

• Immunodeficiency disorders
• AIDS, antibody deficiency
• Hypersensitivity Disorders (allergy)
• Type-I (IgE), II-IgG, III-Immunecomplex, IV-Cell
  mediated.
• Autoimmune disorders
• SLE, Rhematoid, Rheumatic fever.

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Rheumatic fever

• Autoimmune disorder.
• Group A, streptococcal pharyngitis.
• Antibody cross react with connective tissue in -
  susceptible individuals
• 2-3 weeks Autoimmune reaction.
• Inflammation - T lymphocytes, macrophages.
• Heart, skin, brain joints.

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Morphology

• Acute Rheumatic Fever
• Acute Inflammatory Phase
• Heart Pancarditis
• Skin Erythema Marginatum
• CNS Sydenham Chorea
• Migratory polyarthritis
• Chronic Rheumatic Fever
• Deforming fibrotic valvular disease.

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Acute Rheumatic vegetations
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Acute Rheumatic vegetations
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Fish mouth Mitral stenosis
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What is Asthma?

• Hypersensitivity Allergy , Type I
• of airways of lungs - Bronchi
• Allergens in the air, mast cell - IgE ab.
• Inflammation of airways Bronchitis.
• Genetic, Environmental, Race, Age.
• High in industrial cities 4-19, Fiji lt 1
• Increasing incidence !

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Pathogenesis - Atopic Asthma
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Asthma Mechanism

• Allergy
• Inflammation Of Bronchi
• Obstruction
• Mucous Plugs

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INFLAMMATION
Airflow Limitation
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(No Transcript)
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Lung in Asthma with Mucous plugs
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Mucous plug in asthma
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Asthma Microscopic Pathology
Obstructed Inflammed Bronchi
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Asthma - Bronchial morphology

• inflammation
• Eosinophils
• Gland hyperplasia
• Mucous plug in lumen
• Hypertrophy of muscle layer

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Summary

• Not inherited! Learns self then Foreign.
• Immune system Humoral, Cell Med, Non-sp
• Antigen Antibody Complement/phagocyt.
• Primary Secondary Response (slow/rapid)
• Acitve Passive immunity
• Vaccine/Toxoid/Live/Killed/antisera.
• Immunodeficiency/Hypersensitivity/Autoimm
• Allergy,Asthma, Rheumatic fever, SLE, AIDS

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"If you tell the truth, you have infinite power
supporting you but if not, you have infinite
power against you.!"
--Charles Gordon