Methods of Discovery

1
Chapter 1
2
Methods of Discovery

• Making educated guesses
• Archaeologists artifacts and settlements
• Anthropologists remains and skeletons

3
Prehistory

• Begins with the development of stone tools
  about 2.5 million years ago
  
• When does prehistory end?

4
Culture

• The set of beliefs, knowledge, and patterns of
  living that a group of people develop
  
• What cultures surround you?
• Describe your culture.

5
Stone Age

• Paleolithic
• Mesolithic
• Neolithic

6
Stuff

• Food
• Fire
• Nomads
• Agriculture
• Domestication
• Trace the pattern of development

7
Neolithic Revolution

• Food gathering becomes food producing
• What is the difference
• Again, the pattern of development
• Specialization of labor..
• Growth must match food
• Movement towards civilization
• New aspects of society .

8
Four early Civilizations

• Nile River Valley (Egypt)
• Tigris and Euphrates River Valley (Iraq)
  also the Fertile Crescent/Mesopotamia
  
• Indus River Valley (India)
• Huang/Yellow River Valley (China)

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Civilization

• Complex culture that has at least 3
  characteristics.
  
• 1. able to produce surplus food
• 2. establish large towns or cities with some
  form of government
  
• 3. specialization of labor
• Other characteristics may include a system of
  writing or even a calendar

10
Cultural Diffusion
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Stuff

• Lunar and Solar Calendars
• With writing history begins
• Alloy mixing metals copper and tin bronze
• With the invention of the plow, men began to take
  over agricultural responsibilities