THE PRESIDENCY OF WOODROW WILSON STD: 12.1.9

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THE PRESIDENCY OF WOODROW WILSONSTD 12.1.9
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ELECTION OF 1912

• CANDIDATES
• REPUBLICAN PARTY WILLIAM H. TAFT
• DEMOCRATIC PARTY WOODROW WILSON
• PROGRESSIVE PARTY (BULL MOOSE PARTY) THEODORE
  ROOSEVELT
• SOCIALIST PARTY EUGENE V. DEBS
• PLATFORMS AND ISSUES
• REPUBLICAN PARTY CONTINUE FOLLOWING TAFTS
  CAREFUL PROGRESSIVISM
• DEMOCRATIC PARTY-- NEW FREEDOM
• FED. GOVT. SHOULD RESTORE COMPETITION RATHER
  REGULATE MONOPOLIES.
• LOWER TARIFFS
• BREAK UP POWERFUL WALL STREET BANKS WITH BANKING
  REGULATIONS.
• RETURN SOCIAL PROGRAMS TO THE STATES.
• PROGRESSIVE PARTY NEW NATIONALISM
• SOCIAL JUSTICE
• GRADUATED INCOME TAXES
• WORKMENS COMPENSATION
• CHILD LABOR
• WOMENS RIGHTS
• ELECTION RESULTS

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WILSONS FIRST TERM

• Inaugural Address
• Special Session of Congress
• Progressive Actions
• 1913 Underwood-Simmons Tariff
• 1913 Federal Reserve Act
• Federal Reserve Board
• 12 Districts
• Federal govt. in control of money supplyfiat
  money
• Set reserve requirement at 6
• Set discount rate
• 1914 Federal Trade Act
• 1914 Clayton Anti-Trust Act

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• 1914 Smith-Lever Act
• 1915 Keating-Owen Child Labor Law
• 1916 Federal Farm Loan Act
• 1916 Adamson Act
• 1916 Federal Highway Act
• 1917 Smith-Hughes Act
• Wilson withdrew support for womens suffrage.
• FOREIGN AFFAIRS
• Ended Dollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy
• Declared US neutral in all European conflicts.

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• Mexican Crisis (1913-1917)
• Background Mexican Revolution
• 1913 Mexico was under the control of a dictator
  named Gen. Victoriano Huerta.
• Pres. Wilson refused to recognize his govt.
• Wilson worked to get rid of Huerta.
• US Battleship in Tampico. Wilson sends troops to
  Vera Cruz.
• Latin America protested US intervention.
• 1914 A,B,C Powers offered to arbitrate.
• Aug. 1914 Huerta overthrown by a revolt led by
• Venustiano Carranza . Then in Sept. 1914, Pancho
  Villa led another revolt.
• Wilson recognizes Carranzas regime.

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• Pancho Villa attacked the US.
• 1916 Wilson orders Gen Pershing into Mexico.
• 1917 Wilson negotiates with Carranza and
  withdraws American troops.
• 1916 Jones Act
• WORLD WAR I
• A. MAIN CAUSES
• 1. Nationalism- ultra patriotic pride ethnic
  group/country
• 2. Imperialism- colonialism in Africa, haves v.
  have nots
• 3. Militarism- balance of power, alliances, arms
  race, military pride
• B. THE SPARK--OUTBREAK OF THE GREAT WAR
• 1. June 28, 1914, Assassination of Archduke Franz
  Ferdinand.
• 2. Gavrillo PrincipsBlack HandSerbian
  Nationalist
• 3. Austria-Hungarys reaction and ultimatum.
• 4. Domino Effect toward world war.

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WW1

• CENTRAL (TRIPLE ALLIANCE) POWERS
• ALLIED (TRIPLE ENTENTE) POWERS
• Both sides tried to draw US in on their side.
• England more effective cultural ties, economic
  ties, communication links, and they did a better
  job of portraying the Germans as beasts
  British Propaganda
• The US was 15 German ancestry BUT the US tilted
  toward the Allied Powers.
• 1914US in mild recession, but Allied war
  materiel orders brought the US out of it.
• JP Morgans banks loaned Allies 2.3 billion.
• German reliance on submarine warfare (U-Boats)
• Reasons
• Definitions
• Restricted submarine warfaremerchant ships
• Unrestricted submarine warfare--warships
• English Q Boatsdisguised Br. Merchant ships
  (really warships)

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• 1915 Blockades proclaimed
• Feb., Germany declared a war zone around island
  of British Isles.
• May, England no neutral vessel would be allowed
  free entry or exit from German ports.
• May 7, 1915, HMS Lusitania sunk.1198 die, 128
  Americans
• Aug., HMS Arabic sunk.
• Wilson asked Congress to increase military
• spending.mostly for the Navy
• Mar. 1916, Sussex sunk.
• Germany proposed the Sussex Pledge.
• ELECTION OF 1916
• Candidates and platforms
• DEM WILSON
• REP C.E. HUGHES
• SOC A.L. BENSON
• PROH J. F. HANLY

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• Jan. 22, 1917Wilson calls for Peace without
  Victory
• Jan. 31, 1917German resumes unrestricted
  submarine warfare. Why??
• Feb. 3, 1917US breaks diplomatic ties with
  Germany. Why?
• Mar. 1, 1917 Zimmerman Note published. (M15)
• Mar. 3, 1917 Russian revolution begins.
• Russian struggles in WW1
• Oct. 1917 Bolshevik Revolution
• Nov. 1917 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Mid-mar. 1917German U-Boats launch widespread
  attacks on US ships.

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• April 2, 1917, Wilson asked Congress for a
  declaration of war.
• Reasons
• Immediate causes
• 1. unrestricted submarine warfare
• 2. violation of neutral rights.
• Long-term goals
• 1. to fight the war to end all wars.
• 2. to make the world safe for democracy.
• April 6, 1917, Congress voted for war. 475-56

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AMERICA GOES TO WAR THE HOME FRONT

• May, 1917Selective Service Act
• Draft for all men 21-30
• No substitutes
• ExemptionsConscientious objectors, essential
  industries
• The Council of National Defense
• Coordinated the economy (Wartime rationing) Food
  Adm. (Herbert Hoover), War Industries Board
  (Bernard Baruch),
• War Labor Board, Rail Adm., Fuel Adm.
• The Committee of Public Information
• Led by George Creel.
• propaganda/ news of the war
• Espionage Act
• Spying, aiding the enemy--10,000/20 yrs900
  imprisoned
• Sedition Act
• Forbid criticism of the war (govt. or
  military)2000 convicted
• Financing the war
• Bonds, Taxes
• June 1917 1st US troops landed in France. US was
  an Associated power. American Expeditionary
  Forces -AEF. Led by Gen. John J. Pershing.
  Typical soldier doughboy

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• Spring 1918 German Peace Offensive
• All out attack along the Western Front.
• Mid-summer 1918 the Allies go on the
  offensive
• WILSON PROPOSES 14 POINT PEACE PLAN
• Meuse-Argonne Offensive
• Lawrence of Arabia
• Bulgaria surrenders Sept. 1918
• Germany asks US for an Armistice, Oct. 5, 1918
• (US demands Germany agree to 14 Point Plan)
• Turkey drops out of the war, Oct. 30, 1918
• A-H surrenders Nov. 3, 1918
• Nov. 10, 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates
• Nov. 11, 1918Armistice signed _at_1100am
• Peace Conference at Paris Jan. 1919
• Big 4 (Eng., Fr., USA, Italy)
• Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919

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• FIGHT FOR THE TREATY (USA)
• A. Objections to the Treaty
• B. Senate divided over the Treaty.
• C. Wilsons nationwide tour.
• D. Senate votes against the Treaty.
• E. Senate votes against the Treaty after it was
  changed.
• RESULTS OF THE WAR
• A. death toll
• B. Destruction to Europe
• C. Effect on the USA.
• D. Pacificism and Pessimism.
• E. Addition of 2 Amendments.
• F. Return to Isolationism.

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• INNOVATIONS OF WW1
• Weapons
• Tanks
• Long range Artillery
• Planes
• Machine guns
• Flame Throwers
• Poison Gas
• Hand Grenade
• MEDICAL ADVANCEMENTS
• Re-constructive surgery
• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
• Hygiene
• Battlefield HospitalsMASH units

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• HEROES OF WW1
• ACES
• Eddie Rickenbacker
• Frederick Gillet
• Edward Mannock
• Rene Fonck
• Manfred Von Richthofen
• SOLDIERS
• Sgt. Alvin York
• TE Lawrence